关于对话中ノダ句型的习得研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 11:26

【摘要】： 日语的会话中经常出现「～んです」、「～んだ」、「～んですが」、「～んですけど」等ノダ句型。有些场合,ノダ虽然对句义本身不会有显著影响,但使用ノダ与否却会使发话意图产生微妙的差异。因此,ノダ句型对于地道且自然的日语会话表达而言是个不可或缺的因素之一。通过对ノダ句语用功能的考察我们发现,在明示推理交际中,ノダ是发话主体的一种解释性表现。发话主体通过ノダ将自己的思考、认识作为导向正确理解自己意图的解释提前明示给听话主体。ノダ的这种解释性表现决定了其发话功能的两面性。一方面它干预听话主体认知语境的改变,有一种强加于人的感觉;另一方面它制约听话主体的语境假设,恰恰是为了减少了听话主体处理话语时所付出的努力,为听话主体正确识别发话主体发话意图提供了线索。因此ノダ在实际使用中还受到“共同注意态势”和“照顾听话者”的共同制约。以往对ノダ句型的习得研究发现,日语学习者尤其是中国日语学习者在学习的初、中级阶段,ノダ句型的使用意识偏低,甚至有回避的倾向。高级以及更高级别的学习者中这一现象也有延续。本文以处于三个不同日语水平阶段的120位学习者为对象,对ノダ句型的使用意识进行了的问卷调查。通过统计等定量分析和定性分析,结合关联理论和言语行为理论,试图阐明学习者回避使用ノダ句型的根本原因所在。本次调查结果发现:处于不同水平阶段的学习者1)在有ノダ提示的情况下使用意识普遍有所提高;2)在有意强调自己领域的事件时,即便没有ノダ的提示,ノダ句型的使用意识也相对较高;3)同样是提示自己领域的事件,在请求、解释说明等场合中的ノダ句型的使用意识比预想的要低,有回避使用ノダ的倾向;4)在询问和把握对方领域的事件时,不论有无ノダ的提示,整体使用意识偏低。结合调查对象所使用的教材以及教学指导类书籍中对ノダ句型的解说和导入句型来看,片面强调ノダ的“干预性”是导致学生回避使用ノダ的主要原因。另外,从母语的影响来看,中文中缺少与ノダ相对应的语言标记,也是造成中国日语学习者,较少主动使用ノダ句型的因素之一。
[Abstract]:In Japanese conversation, there are often sentence patterns, such as, "to", "to", and "to". In some cases, though it does not have a significant effect on the meaning of the sentence itself, the use of the meaning or not can make a subtle difference in the meaning of the speech. Therefore, the sentence pattern is one of the indispensable factors for authentic and natural Japanese conversational expressions. By examining the pragmatic functions of the sentence, we find that in the ostensive-inferential communication, "Yi" is an explanatory expression of the speaker. The speaker expresses his own thinking and cognition to the hearer in advance. This kind of explanatory performance determines the two sides of its function. On the one hand, it interferes with the change of cognitive context of the hearer, which has a feeling of imposing on others; on the other hand, it restricts the hypothesis of context of the hearer, which is precisely to reduce the effort made by the hearer in dealing with the utterance. It provides a clue for the hearer to recognize the intention of the speaker correctly. Therefore, it is also restricted by "common attention situation" and "taking care of the hearer" in practical use. Previous studies on the acquisition of sentence patterns have found that Japanese learners, especially Chinese Japanese learners, have low awareness of the use of sentence patterns and even tend to avoid them in the early and intermediate stages of their studies. This phenomenon also persists among advanced and higher level learners. In this paper, 120 learners at three different levels of Japanese are investigated with a questionnaire on their awareness of the use of sentence patterns. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis such as statistics and combining relevance theory and speech act theory, this paper attempts to clarify the root cause of learners' avoidance of using sentence patterns. The results of this study found that learners at different levels (1) generally increased their awareness of use when there was a hint about their use. 2) when it was intended to emphasize events in their own field, even if there were no reminders, The use awareness of the sentence pattern is also relatively high. It is also a reminder of the events in one's own field. In situations such as requests, explanations and other occasions, the awareness of the use of the sentence pattern is lower than expected. There is a tendency to avoid using inclinations. 4) when inquiring and grasping the events of the other side's domain, the whole usage consciousness is low, regardless of whether there is a hint or not. In combination with the teaching materials used by the survey subjects and the explanation and introduction of the sentence patterns in the teaching guidance books, the main reason for students to avoid using the sentence pattern is to emphasize one-sidedly the "interventionality". In addition, the lack of linguistic markers in Chinese is one of the factors that cause Chinese Japanese learners to take the initiative to use sentence patterns.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H36

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