神话与儿童文学

发布时间：2018-03-14 11:37

本文选题：神话　切入点：儿童文学　出处：《东北师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克思在《政治经济学批判导言》中，有一段众所周知的论述，他说：希腊神话“就某方面说还是一种规范和高不可及的范本”，并具有“永久的魅力”。马克思所说的“范本”和“魅力”，绝非仅仅局限在艺术方面，神话的思想价值同样不容忽视。神话是人类原初智慧的结晶，这种智慧的伟大和深远意义，可能曾经被人类低估过。低估的不良后果之一，是人类的力量被过分夸大，因而招致人与自然和谐关系的破坏，并引发诸多社会性问题。在溯源性地反思文明的局限时，人类开始重新发现了原初智慧的意义，并开始利用这种智慧的“范本”意义来“规范”人类的行为。儿童文化与儿童文学，与人类的原初智慧具有发生学意义上的相似性，是人类认识原初智慧的重要途径，也是未来思想文化建设的重要资源。人文科学的研究对象既是一种客观存在，也是融入了研究者文化想象的精神建构，神话和儿童文学尤其鲜明地体现出人文科学研究的这种特性。神话与儿童文学的艺术精神是相通的，这表现在以下几点：其一，神话与儿童文学都具有象征性的艺术品质，而这种象征性是神圣的，这体现为，神话与儿童文学的神圣象征是超然的、超验的并具有仪式性。其二，神话与儿童文学较之于其他的文学样式，更为注重身体的感悟，表现出一种直觉的、诗性的智慧。其三，神话与儿童文学是巴赫金所说的“生命的狂欢”，具体表现为：物质性与生命性的统一、民间立场以及“正反同体”。荣格认为，文学原型是人类的原始意象，积淀着人类的远古记忆和“集体无意识”。从叙事原型的角度考察神话与儿童文学，我们发现，原型从神话向儿童文学的漂移过程中，，呈现出从隐性到显性、从哲理内涵到性格特征、从单声到复调、从宇宙范畴到个人境遇的转变特色。如果进一步比较成人文学和儿童文学中叙事原型的表现特色，我们会看到，儿童文学中的叙事原型更为典型、更为生动、更具对比色彩。在新时期中国儿童文学的发展进程中，可以清晰的看到神话精神对儿童文学创作的影响。这种影响体现为，80年代中后期“探索文学”的寻根意识和梦境呈现、动物文学中展现出的野性生灵神话的特色、郑渊洁创造的童话“神话”、“大幻想文学”的崛起、薛涛与曹文轩对神话题材的运用、“哈利·波特”对中国儿童文学创作的影响、秦文君、彭学军等儿童小说创作所包孕着的神话情思等。如果我们再扩大研究视野，还能发现部分成人作家作品中的神话与儿童文学元素，对这些作家的作品做儿童文学方法的研究，可以获得新的发现。因而表明儿童文学理论对成人文学研究具有启示价值。世纪交替之际，中国儿童文学表现出一些神话特征，譬如文学形象与动漫形象的相互影响、图画书所体现出的语言图像化倾向、“新神话主义”的理论倡导与创作实践，以及虚拟文化对儿童文学创作的影响等。
[Abstract]:Marx in "critique of political economics" has a period of introduction, as everyone knows this, he said: "on the one hand the Greek mythology as a standard and unreachable model", and a "permanent charm." Marx said "model" and "charm", not only only in the aspect of the art, the myth of the ideological value should not be ignored. The myth is the crystallization of human primordial wisdom, the wisdom of the great and far-reaching significance, may have been underestimated. One of the adverse consequences of human being underestimated, is the power of human being exaggerated, thus lead to the destruction of a harmonious relationship between man and nature, and caused a lot of social problems in traceability reflect the limitations of culture, human beings began to rediscover the original meaning of life, and began to use the wisdom of the "model" meaning "norms" of human behavior. Children's culture and children's culture Learning is similar to human's original wisdom in phylogenetic sense. It is an important way for human to understand original wisdom, and also an important resource for future ideological and cultural construction.
The humanities research object is a kind of objective existence, but also into the construct of cultural imagination spirit, myth and children's literature especially reflects the characteristics of the humanities. Myth and children's literature spirit of art is the same, which is reflected in the following: first, myth and children's literature has the symbolic artistic quality, and this symbol is sacred, it is embodied in a sacred symbol myth and children's literature is aloof, transcendent and with ritual. Second, myth and children's literature compared to other literary style, pay more attention to the body feeling, show a kind of intuition and the poetic wisdom. Third, myth and children's literature is Bakhtin's "Carnival of life", specific performance: the unity of material and life of the folk standpoint and the pros and cons of the body ".
Carl Jung believes that the literary archetype is the original image of human beings, steeped in human ancient memory and collective unconsciousness. The influences of myth and children's literature, from the narrative perspective of prototype we found, from the myth to children's literature drift process prototype, showing from implicit to explicit, from the philosophical connotation of the personality. From a single sound to polyphony, change characteristics from the universe into the category of personal circumstances. If further comparison of narrative prototype adult literature and children's literature in the performance characteristics, we will see that the narrative archetype in children's literature is more typical, more vivid, more color contrast.
In the process of development of China children's literature in the new period, we can see clearly the influence of mythology spirit of children's literature. This effect is reflected in the late 80s, "exploring the literature" root seeking consciousness and dreams, wild creatures myth shows in the animal literature features, Zheng Yuanjie created the "myth", "fairy tale the rise of the great fantasy literature", by Xue Tao and Cao Wenxuan of mythology, "Harry Porter" Chinese on children's literature, Peng Xuejun and other children's novels QinWenjun, which contains the myth of love. If we expand the research field, but also found that myth and children's literature elements of adult in the works of writers, research the writer works of children's literature method, you can get a new discovery. Therefore children's literature theory has revealed the value of the adult literature research.
The turn of the century, China children's literature show some characteristics such as myth, interaction of literary image and animation image, language image tendency reflected in picture books, "advocate and practice new deificationism" theory and virtual culture on the creation of children's literature and so on.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I207.8

【共引文献】