英汉新闻语篇中的语法隐喻分析

发布时间：2018-03-13 11:14

本文选题：语法隐喻　切入点：名词化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语法隐喻理论自被提出之日起就受到了广泛的关注，并被应用于具体语篇的研究。新闻报道是人们获取消息的最主要途径，拥有众多的读者，它结构清晰，句式简单，名词居多，传递信息快速高效。依据语法隐喻理论，分析英汉新闻语篇中名词化现象、情态隐喻和语气隐喻，解读语法隐喻的过程，可以揭示语篇中隐含的信息，帮助读者提高批判性阅读的能力。本文采纳基于语料的定性研究方法，从New York Times上随机选取了30篇英文报道，从《人民日报》和中国新闻网上选取了30篇汉语报道进行定量分析和定性研究。依据韩礼德提出的语法隐喻理论，本文分析了英汉新闻语篇中的名词化现象、情态隐喻和语气隐喻。语法隐喻是指语法层面的转化，即由一致性的语法形式转化到隐喻性的语法形式。语法隐喻包括概念隐喻和人际隐喻。概念隐喻主要是指物质、心理、关系、言语、存在和行为六大过程之间的相互转换。在词汇层面上体现为由动词、形容词、介词、连词向名词的转化；由动词、副词、介词、连词向形容词的转化；由小句结构、连词向动词的转化；由连词向介词的转化；由名词向其他词类的转化。人际隐喻包括情态隐喻和语气隐喻。情态隐喻指说话者用除情态动词、情态副词和谓语的延伸部分以外的方式来表达个人态度和推测。语气隐喻则源于语气与句式之间的非一致搭配。本文重点研究了英汉新闻语篇中的名词化现象。名词化包括动词的名词化，形容词的名词化、介词的名词化和连词的名词化。动词的名词化涉及物质过程和心理、言语、存在过程之间的相互转化、不同物质过程之间的相互转化以及物质过程向关系过程的转化。形容词的名词化涉及到关系过程向物质、心理、言语、存在过程的转化以及不同关系过程之间的转化。介词和连词在名词化过程中由原本的小句转化为名词短语。名词化结构主要充当参与者和环境成分。此外，本文还研究了英汉新闻语篇中的情态隐喻和语气隐喻，，即人际隐喻现象。在英汉新闻语篇中，情态隐喻主要以独立小句、心理性动词、名词和介词短语表达概率、频率、义务和倾向四种情态。语气隐喻在英汉新闻语篇中出现的频率不高，主要包括以陈述句体现疑问语气、以陈述句体现命令语气和以疑问句体现陈述语气三种类型。基于以上研究得出结论：语法隐喻在英汉新闻语篇中普遍存在。新闻作者采用名词化结构可以使新闻语言更加正式、专业，也可以将大量信息浓缩于有限的篇幅，加强语篇的连贯性。英语新闻语篇中的情态隐喻类型比汉语新闻语篇中的情态隐喻类型多。汉语新闻语篇常用独立小句将权威人士或机构的态度置于句首，统领后文，加强文章的客观性和可信度。通过使用情态隐喻，新闻作者可以将自己观点以客观的形式表达出来，也有助于加强语篇连贯性。语气隐喻除了具备情态隐喻的功能外，还可以增进作者和读者之间的感情，增加文章的趣味性。
[Abstract]:The grammatical metaphor theory was proposed in the date received widespread attention, and is applied in the study of specific discourse. The news report is the main way for people to obtain information, with many readers, it has clear structure, simple sentences, nouns are fast and high efficiency. On the basis of information transfer of grammatical metaphor theory analysis Chinese and English Nominalization in news discourse, metaphor of modality and metaphor of mood, the process of interpretation of grammatical metaphor, can reveal the hidden text information to help readers improve their ability of critical reading.
Based on corpus based qualitative research method, 30 English reports were randomly selected from New York Times. 30 Chinese reports were selected from people's daily and China News Network for quantitative analysis and qualitative research.
According to the theory of grammatical metaphor proposed by Hallidy, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of Nominalization in English and Chinese news discourse, metaphor of modality and metaphor of mood. Grammatical metaphor refers to the transformation of the grammatical level, which is consistent to the grammatical form of metaphorical grammatical forms. Grammatical metaphor includes ideational and interpersonal metaphors. Conceptual metaphor mainly refers to physical, psychological, relationship, speech, mutual conversion between six processes and behavior. At the lexical level reflected by verbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions to nouns from verbs; adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, adjectives to the transformation; by clause structure, conjunctions to verb conversion; conversion from conjunctions to prepositions; conversion from nouns to other lexical category. Interpersonal metaphors include metaphor of modality and mood metaphor. Metaphor of modality refers to the speaker with the addition of modal verbs, modal adverbs and extension to predicate Individual attitudes and speculations are expressed in an external way. Mood metaphors are derived from the noncongruent collocation between mood and sentence patterns.
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of Nominalization in English and Chinese news discourse. Nominalization including verb noun, adjective noun, noun noun preposition and conjunction. Verbal Nominalization involves material and mental, verbal, mutual conversion process between the process of mutual transformation between different substances the transformation and material process to process. The noun word relates to the relationship to the material, psychological, speech, transformation between the transformation and the relationship of different process. Prepositions and conjunctions in the process from the original sentence into a noun phrase in noun. Nominalization mainly act as participants and environmental components.
In addition, this paper also studies the English and Chinese News Discourse in metaphor of modality and metaphor of mood, interpersonal metaphor in English and Chinese journalistic discourse, metaphor of modality mainly as independent clauses, psychological verbs, nouns and prepositional phrases to express probability, frequency, duty and tendency of the four state of mood metaphor in English and Chinese news. Text appears in the frequency is not high, including the statement reflected in the declarative interrogative mood, imperative mood and interrogative sentences to reflect the embodiment of declarative three types.
Based on the above research conclusion: grammatical metaphor is pervasive in English and Chinese news texts. The news of nominalization can make news language more formal, professional, can also be a lot of information concentrated in a limited space, strengthen the discourse coherence. The types of metaphors of modality in English news discourse than the type of metaphor of modality in Chinese in news discourse. Chinese News Discourse used independent clause authority or institution will be placed in the first sentence and attitude, strengthen the objectivity and credibility of the article. Through the use of metaphor of modality, the author can press your point of view in the objective form of expression, but also help to strengthen discourse coherence besides. Metaphors of mood metaphors of modality function, but also can enhance the feelings between the author and the reader, to increase the interest.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H315;H15

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