《深夜大卫秀》脱口秀节目中打探言语行为研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:38

本文选题：打探言语行为 + 深夜大卫秀　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“打探”作为一种言语行为,即打听、探问,意在通过询问探听情况。实际生活中,有技巧的打探可以运用简短的语言打开话语之门,拉近与陌生人的距离,以便逐步深入谈话。在语言学的研究历史中,“打探”作为一种语言现象,一直被归为“提问”言语行为之一。本旨在探索“打探”言语行为的各项言语特征,明确“打探”在言语行为中的独立地位。本研究以奥斯丁和塞尔的言语行为以及布朗和莱文森的礼貌原则理论为基础。言语行为理论认为,“言外行为”这一行为受条件规则的制约,塞尔将其总结出一套言语行为的构成规则,即言语行为的四个适切条件,本文运用这一理论中,定义了“打探”言语行为,并发现总结了“打探”言语行为的各项言语特征。本研究以Late Show with David Letterman为数据来源进行分析,对八组节目录像转录而成的英文文字材料进行统计分析,并与言语行为特征的理论定性分析相结合,得出如下结论：第一,“打探”是一种言外行为,在“打探”行为中,说话者尝试使听话人透露一些隐私或不为大众所知的信息,可能会置听话人于一种不利的境地。说话者通过使用一些策略巧妙地影响了听话人对谈话的认知过程和情绪情感过程,进而使其产生心理变化,改变了说话意愿。第二,从形式实现来看,“打探”具备四个特点：音调高、持续短和停顿多；情态动词常被使用；“打探”行为所使用的句型有八种之多,疑问句、陈述句和祈使句是三种常有手段；重复也常被用来强调说话者坚持听者提供信息。从语义实现来看,“打探”语句可分为三类：涉及说话人、涉及听话人和涉及某项行为。从语用实现来看,“打探”言语行为有提问、陈述和指令三种次要言语行为,其中提问行为被使用的频率最高。第三,礼貌用语作为外部因素,对“打探”言语行为制约较大,礼貌策略的使用可以缓解面子上的威胁,使得听话人得到尊重与认同,对后续谈话有较深影响。在本研究的文本中,共发现二十一种礼貌策略。
[Abstract]:As a verbal act, inquiry is intended to inquire through inquiry. In real life, skilled probes can use brief language to open the door of words, to close the distance with strangers, so as to gradually deepen the conversation. In the history of linguistic research, "probing", as a linguistic phenomenon, has always been classified as one of the speech acts of "questioning". The purpose of this paper is to explore the speech characteristics of the speech act and to clarify its independent position in the speech act. This study is based on Austen and Searle's speech act and Brown and Levinson's politeness principle. According to the theory of speech act, the act of "non-verbal action" is restricted by conditional rules, and Searle sums up a set of constitutive rules of speech act, that is, the four appropriate conditions of speech act. In this paper, we use this theory. The speech act of "probing" is defined, and the speech characteristics of the speech act of "probing" are found and summarized. In this study, Late Show with David Letterman is used as the data source to analyze the eight groups of video transcribed English text materials, and combined with the qualitative analysis of speech act characteristics, the following conclusions are drawn: First, "probing" is a kind of non-verbal behavior, in which the speaker tries to make the addressee reveal some private or unknown information, which may put the hearer in a disadvantageous position. Through the use of some strategies, the speaker skillfully affects the listener's cognitive process and emotional process of the conversation, which leads to psychological changes and changes in his speaking intention. Second, from the perspective of formal realization, "probing" has four characteristics: high pitch, short duration and many pauses; modal verbs are often used; "probing" uses as many as eight sentence patterns and interrogative sentences. Declarative and imperative sentences are often used; repetition is also often used to emphasize the speaker's insistence on the listener's providing information. From the perspective of semantic implementation, "probing" sentences can be divided into three categories: involving the speaker, the hearer and a certain behavior. From the perspective of pragmatic realization, there are three secondary speech acts: questioning, statement and instruction, among which questioning is the most frequently used. Thirdly, politeness, as an external factor, restricts the speech act of "probing" greatly. The use of politeness strategy can alleviate the threat of face, make the hearer get respect and approval, and have a deep influence on the subsequent conversation. A total of 21 politeness strategies were found in the present study.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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