从女性主义翻译视角谈《圣经》的翻译

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:05

本文选题：女性主义 + 女性主义翻译理论　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：女性主义翻译理论是20世纪70年代末、80年代初在西方翻译研究出现“文化转向”的过程中兴起的一个翻译理论,是翻译理论的最新进展与蓬勃发展的女性主义运动相结合的产物。该理论以其全新的女性视角和鲜明的政治立场成为译界的一支新秀,为翻译理论研究做出了不可磨灭的贡献。特别是在译者主体性研究中为翻译界开辟了一个崭新的性别化主题。它大力彰显译者主体性并强调翻译是女性的政治书写,竭力消除翻译研究中的性别歧视。女性主义翻译理论并非无本之木、无源之水,女性主义思潮发源于18世纪的自由女性主义,以社会性别论,或社会性别差异论为其理论基石。女性主义在其发展过程中受到了解构主义、后殖民主义、文化学等现代理论的影响,并自20世纪80年代以来将这些影响折射到了翻译理论。女性主义翻译观是从女性主义的立场出发,其理论功用主要为女性服务,即在翻译中尽量使女性在语言中显现,从而让世人看见和听见女人。我们可以从西方女性批评家、翻译理论家兼翻译家芭芭拉·戈达德、雪莉·西蒙、路易斯·梵·弗洛图的相关思想中找到理论来源。女性主义翻译理论的目的是,坚决反对在文学作品中将女性置于社会下层,并将翻译附属于文学的哲学传统。为此,女性主义必须探讨翻译是如何被“女性化”的过程,解构以结构主义为基础的传统译论以及构成其哲学基础的性别逻辑,因此对翻译的性别角色,对规定性的“忠实”伦理以及语言的功能和作用提出了质疑。女性主义认为原作在地位上等同译作,语言反映性别歧视的现实,并且强化了性别歧视,翻译不是一种机械的语言转换,而是一种涉及到文化干预和协调的创造性活动。《圣经》是基督教的经典,也是古代希伯来人历史文学典籍的总汇。长期以来,对西方乃至整个世界的文学、艺术和道德观念都产生了极大的影响,是世界文化的宝贵遗产。长期以来《圣经》翻译的地位举足轻重,特别是在古罗马后期以及中古时期各民族语发展过程中,《圣经》翻译扮演着最为重要的角色。早期的《圣经有许多男性化的语言、形象和隐喻。以至于人们很难避免不把上帝当作男性。随着女性主义的兴起、女性基督教徒觉醒到女性受压迫的状况,女性开始溯源《圣经》、《圣经》诠释及《圣经》翻译在延续父权教会传统上所扮演的角色。她们意识到基督教会对女性的态度和《圣经》对女性角色及形象负面的传达,《圣经》是基督传统的基础,但也是由一个视妇女为次等又没价值的文化所孕育出来的。《圣经》是西方文化的奠基文献,不论宗教还是非宗教的女性主义研究都不能回避圣经。一些女性主义者不但没有回避《圣经》,还率先通过诠释与翻译来淡化《圣经》的父权色彩。本文拟借鉴女性主义翻译理论的分析,探讨《圣经》在女性主义翻译理论及方法指导下做出翻译探索。本文试图通过对西方女性主义翻译理论的概述及论述女性主义者从女性主义角度重新阐释《圣经》,以“中性”或“两性兼顾语言”方式翻译《圣经》并对传统的《圣经》翻译提出几种修正方法,由此解析女性主义翻译观。本文主要采取的是演绎归纳,例证分析的研究方法,以女性主义翻译理论为依托来启示《圣经》翻译研究和实践。然后,根据此理论启示,探讨女性主义者如何从女性主义角度重新阐释《圣经》并运用女性主义翻译的基本理论对《圣经》翻译提出修正方法。最后,总结分析研究成果。西方新时期的女性主义翻译理论对中国翻译理论和实践的影响迄今甚微,从数量上看尚未形成规模。而且对《圣经》翻译实践还存在较大差异。尽管大多数翻译界的学者赞成运用女性主义对《圣经》翻译提出修正,但并未用理论作为依托并且只关注女性主义翻译理论的新奇性和反叛性及对女性主义《圣经》译本的批评。因此本文试图通过对西方女性主义翻译理论的概述及从女性主义视野下的圣经解读和女性主义翻译理论在《圣经》翻译中的体现这三个大层面来解析女性主义的翻译观。以此说明女性主义翻译理论在《圣经》翻译中运用的重要性,使得女性主义翻译能引起更多学者的注意,从而对中国翻译界活力的保持起微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Feminist translation theory is a translation theory arising in the process of "cultural turn" in western translation studies at the end of the 1970s and in the early 80s. It is the product of the combination of the latest progress of translation theory and the vigorous development of feminism. This theory is translated with its new feminine perspective and distinct political position. A new show in the world has made an indelible contribution to the study of translation theory. Especially in the study of the translator's subjectivity, it has opened up a new gender theme for the translation community. It highlights the translator's subjectivity and emphasizes that translation is a feminine political writing, and tries to eliminate gender discrimination in the translation study.
Feminist translation theory is not a wood, passive water, feminism originated in the eighteenth Century free feminism, with the theory of gender, or social gender differences as the cornerstone of its theory. In its development, feminism was influenced by modern theories such as deconstruction, post colonialism, and culture, and 80 years since twentieth Century. From the standpoint of feminism, the theoretical function of feminism is mainly for women, that is, to make women appear in the language as far as possible in translation, so that the world can see and hear women. We can from western feminist critic, translation theorist and translator Barbara. La Goddard, Shirley Simon and Luis Van Flotow find the source of theory.
The purpose of feminist translation theory is to firmly oppose the placement of women in the lower level of society in literary works and to translate into the philosophical tradition attached to literature. To this end, feminism must explore how translation is "feminization", deconstruct the traditional translation theory based on structuralism and the gender logic that forms its philosophical basis. Therefore, the gender role of the translation is questioned in terms of the prescribed "faithfulness" ethics and the function and function of language. Feminism believes that the original works are equivalent to the translation, the language reflects the reality of sex discrimination, and the gender discrimination is strengthened, and the translation is not a language conversion of a machine, but a kind of cultural intervention. A coordinated creative activity.
The Bible is the classic of Christianity and the sum of ancient Hebrew historical literature books. For a long time, it has greatly influenced the literature, art and moral concepts of the West and the whole world. It is a valuable heritage of the world culture. During the development of ethnic languages in the period, < Bible > translation plays the most important role. The early "Bible" has many masculine languages, images and metaphors. It is difficult to avoid taking God as a male. With the rise of feminism, Female Christians are awakening to the situation of female oppression, and women begin to trace the source < Bible > > < Bible > interpretation and the role of Bible translation in the continuation of the patriarchal tradition. They realize that the Christian Church's attitude towards women and the negative transmission of the Bible to women's roles and images, < Bible > is the basis of the Christian tradition, but also by a culture that sees women as inferior and worthless. < Bible > is West. The foundational literature of square culture, both religious and non religious, can not avoid the Bible. Some feminists not only did not avoid the Bible, but also took the lead in desalination of the patriarchal color of the Bible through interpretation and translation.
Based on the analysis of feminist translation theory, this paper tries to explore translation exploration under the guidance of feminist translation theory and methods. This article tries to explain the feminist translation theory from the perspective of feminism and to reinterpret the feminists from the feminist perspective to "neutral" or "both sexes". The translation of the Bible and the revision of the traditional translation of the Bible, thus analyzing the feminist translation view.
This article is mainly based on deductive induction and example analysis, which is based on feminist translation theory to inspire the study and practice of "Bible > translation". Then, according to this theory, the author explores how feminists reinterpret the Bible from the feminist perspective and apply the basic theory of feminist translation to the translation of the Bible. In the end, the results of the study are summarized and analyzed.
The influence of feminist translation theory on translation theory and practice in the new period of the west is very little to date, and it has not yet formed a scale in quantity. And there are still great differences in the translation practice of the Bible. Although most scholars in the translation circles agree with the use of feminism for the revision of the Bible translation, it does not rely on the theory as a support. And we only pay attention to the novelty and rebelliency of feminist translation theory and the criticism of the feminist translation of the Bible. This article tries to analyze the three major aspects of the feminist translation theory, the biblical interpretation of feminism and the embodiment of feminist translation theory in the Bible translation. It shows the importance of the use of feminist translation theory in the Bible translation, which makes feminist translation can arouse the attention of more scholars and keep the vitality of the Chinese translation community slightly.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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