近现代汉语三字新词语研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 21:48

本文选题：汉语词汇研究 + 近现代汉语　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：新词语是汉语丰富和发展的不竭动力，对其研究有重要的历史和现实意义。19世纪初至20世纪中期，处于中国社会大变革和西学东渐的双重背景之下，特殊的社会进程和复杂的语言接触背景孕育了一批赋有典型时代特征的新词汇。然而就目前学术界的研究状况来看，对近现代历史时期的汉语词汇的研究多是从历史文化的角度展开，从语言学方面对其进行分析和研究的论著较少。《近现代汉语新词词源词典》是一部断代的语言词典，该词典由香港中国语文学会倾力编写，由汉语大词典出版社于2001年出版，主要收录了19世纪初至20世纪中期出现的一些新词语，其中外来词占了多数，是研究近现代历史时期汉语新词语的珍贵材料。三字词语是词汇研究中不可或缺的一部分，，其大量产生不仅增加了词汇的容量，也增强了构词方式的灵活性。本文以《近现代汉语新词词源词典》为语料，通过考察三字词语的结构类型和构成等方面，以期冀窥见汉语词汇发展的一般模式。论文除绪论和结语外共分三章。第一章为“近现代三字新词语的结构类型”。本章中根据三字词语的特点及个性，从语素构成、语法结构以及韵律结构等三方面分析了《近现代汉语新词词源词典》中的三字词语的结构类型，发现《近现代汉语新词词源词典》中的三字词语结构类型分布不均，其中偏正结构类型的三字词语数量最多，共1565个，约占该词典三字词语总数的92.6％，动宾式和主谓式的三字词语数量很少，分别约占该词典三字词语总数的0.2％。另外，我们还将前人对近代和现代的汉语三字词语的相关研究成果运用到历时的对比研究中，用《近代汉语词典》和《现代汉语词典》两部词典来印证说明了近现代历史时期之前和之后在词语构成模式上的特点和规律，说明了《现代汉语词典》的一些模式早在19世纪即已出现萌芽。第二章为“近现代汉语三字新词语的构成研究”。通过分析《近现代汉语新词词源词典》中三字词语的生成过程、外来词的译介方法等，说明了社会存在、主体世界以及词汇自身的生成机制在词汇的生成和发展中的作用。同时揭示了词缀式构词成分的发展和双音节词根的应用对近现代历史时期汉语新词汇的创制的重要作用。第三章为“近现代汉语外来词的存亡启示”。通过考察《近现代汉语新词词源词典》中外来词存亡情况，得到如下启示：音译词中符合大众习惯的优于其他；意译词中表意准确的优于表意模糊的；能产性强的词素其构词生命力也强；外来词译介的总趋势是从音译向意译过渡等。
[Abstract]:Neologism is an inexhaustible motive force for the enrichment and development of Chinese. Its research has important historical and practical significance. From the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, neologisms are under the dual background of the great transformation of Chinese society and the gradual eastward learning of the west. The special social process and the complicated language contact background give birth to a group of new words with typical characteristics of the times. However, from the point of view of the current academic research situation, the study of Chinese vocabulary in modern and modern times is mostly carried out from the perspective of history and culture. The Dictionary of New words in Modern Chinese is a chronicled language dictionary, which was compiled by the Chinese language Society of Hong Kong. Published by Chinese Dictionary Press in 2001, some new words appeared from the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, in which loanwords are the majority, are valuable materials for the study of Chinese new words in modern and modern history. Three-character words are an indispensable part of lexical research, which not only increases the capacity of vocabulary, but also enhances the flexibility of word formation. This paper takes the Dictionary of Modern Chinese New words as the corpus, and looks forward to the general pattern of the development of Chinese vocabulary by examining the structural types and composition of the three-character words. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the structure type of three-word neologisms in modern times. According to the characteristics and personality of three words, this chapter analyzes the structure types of three words in Modern Chinese New words Dictionary from three aspects: morpheme structure, grammatical structure and prosodic structure. It is found that the structure types of three words in Modern Chinese New word Dictionary are unevenly distributed, among which the number of three words with positive structural type is the most, 1565, accounting for 92.6B of the total number of three words in this dictionary. The number of verb-object type and subject-predicate type is very small, accounting for about 0.2 of the total number of three words in the dictionary. In addition, we also apply the related research results of modern and modern Chinese words and phrases to the diachronic comparative study. Two dictionaries "Modern Chinese Dictionary" and "Modern Chinese Dictionary" are used to prove the characteristics and rules of word formation pattern before and after modern historical period. It shows that some models of Modern Chinese Dictionary appeared as early as 19 th century. The second chapter is the study of the formation of three-character neologisms in modern Chinese. By analyzing the process of the formation of three characters and the translation and introduction of loanwords in the Modern Chinese New word Dictionary, this paper illustrates the role of social existence, the subject world and the generating mechanism of vocabulary itself in the generation and development of vocabulary. At the same time, the development of affix word-formation elements and the application of dicyllabic roots play an important role in the creation of Chinese new vocabulary in modern history. The third chapter is the exigencies of modern Chinese loanwords. By investigating the existence and death of loanwords in the Modern Chinese New words Dictionary, the following revelations are obtained: the transliteration words are superior to others in accordance with the popular custom, the ones in the free translation words are better than the vague ones. Productive morpheme has strong vitality of word-formation, and the general trend of loanword translation is from transliteration to free translation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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