现代汉语主宾互易句研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 15:57
【摘要】：现代汉语主宾互易句是现代汉语语法体系中较为特殊的一种句法语义现象,其基本特征是句子的主语和宾语可以互换位置而句子的逻辑真值义却基本保持不变。如：“两个人骑一匹马←→一匹马骑两个人”、“北京是中国的首都←→中国的首都是北京”等等。这类句子句例庞杂、类型复杂,从二十世纪五十年代至今,语法学者们对其性质、类型进行了描写分析,对其互易的动因进行了探讨阐释。但是现代汉语主宾互易句的研究中仍然存在着分类标准不统一,动因阐释不系统,专题性文章较少等问题,这些无疑都为我们今后的研究留下了广阔的空间。 全文共分为五个部分,具体如下： 第一部分概述了现代汉语主宾互易句的研究情况,界定了本文的研究对象,以及研究过程中需要注意的问题。 第二部分结合前人的分类研究,归纳出本文研究的现代汉语主宾互易句的七个基本类型：供用义主宾互易句、附着义主宾互易句、存现义主宾互易句、混合义主宾互易句、结果义主宾互易句、等值义主宾互易句、相向义主宾互易句。并对前人分类研究中的命名不统一和用例叠加等问题给出较为合理的解释。 第三部分具体分析现代汉语主宾互易句的七个基本类型,就影响主宾互易的句法、语义条件进行讨论,并对比形成主宾互易的A式和B式在句法、语义、语用方面的差异,在句法方面,主要考察句子成分与结构方式、层次切分两个方面；在语义方面,主要考察NPl和NP2语义角色的关系、A式和B式的句式意义两个方面；在语用方面,主要考察主题与焦点、情感与风格两个方面。在讨论差异的基础上提出日常交际及行文写作中的三个选择角度：根据叙述角度选择,根据认知程序选择,根据上下文的衔接和照应选择。 第四部分分析现代汉语主宾互易句的形成原因。本文拟从汉语本体原因和认知原因两个方面进行阐释,以期做出比较全面、系统的解释。语言的复杂性及汉语语序的特点为现代汉语主宾互易句的存在提供了可能性,而主宾互易句式本身所具有的特殊性也是主宾互易实现的重要原因；在认知上,基于句式上对称性的语义关系和静态场景性的状态义,使人们在认知选择上具有双向性,同一个客观图景经过不同的认知选择程序生成不同的主观意象,主观意向的不同直接造成语言结构形式的差异。 第五部分为结语,总结概括全文的主要研究内容。
[Abstract]:Subject-object reciprocal sentence is a special syntactic and semantic phenomenon in modern Chinese grammar system. Its basic feature is that the subject and object of the sentence can exchange positions but the meaning of the logical truth value of the sentence remains basically unchanged. For example: "two people ride one horse and one horse on two people", "Beijing is the capital of China and China's capital is Beijing" and so on. Since the 1950s, the grammatical scholars have described and analyzed the nature and types of sentences and explained the causes of their mutual exchange. However, there are still some problems in the study of subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, such as the disunity of classification standards, the unsystematic explanation of motivation and the lack of special articles, which undoubtedly leave a wide space for our future research. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part summarizes the research situation of the subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, defines the research object of this paper, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the course of the research. In the second part, based on the previous classification, we conclude seven basic types of modern Chinese subject and object reciprocal sentences, which are as follows: for use, for object and subject, for each other, for existing, for, and for mixed meaning, subject, object, and object. Results semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, equivalent semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, reciprocal main object reciprocal sentence. A reasonable explanation is given to the problems of naming inconsistency and use case superposition in previous classification research. The third part concretely analyzes seven basic types of subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, discusses the syntactic and semantic conditions that affect subject-object reciprocity, and compares the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic differences between A-type and B-type. In the aspect of syntax, we mainly investigate the sentence composition and the structural mode, and the hierarchical segmentation. In the semantic aspect, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2 and the two aspects of the sentence meaning of type A and type B, and in the aspect of pragmatics, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2. Mainly examines the theme and the focal point, the emotion and the style two aspects. On the basis of the discussion of differences, this paper puts forward three angles of choice in daily communication and writing: according to narrative, according to cognitive process, and according to context cohesion and anaphora. The fourth part analyzes the formation reasons of the subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese. This paper is intended to explain Chinese Noumenon and Cognitive causes in order to make a more comprehensive and systematic explanation. The complexity of language and the characteristics of Chinese word order provide the possibility for the existence of subject-object reciprocal sentence in modern Chinese, and the particularity of subject-object reciprocal sentence itself is also an important reason for the realization of subject-object reciprocal. Based on the symmetrical semantic relation in sentence structure and the state meaning of static scene, people have bidirectional cognitive choice, and different subjective images are generated from the same objective picture through different cognitive selection procedures. The difference of subjective intention directly causes the difference of language structure form. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes the main research content of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3
[Abstract]:Subject-object reciprocal sentence is a special syntactic and semantic phenomenon in modern Chinese grammar system. Its basic feature is that the subject and object of the sentence can exchange positions but the meaning of the logical truth value of the sentence remains basically unchanged. For example: "two people ride one horse and one horse on two people", "Beijing is the capital of China and China's capital is Beijing" and so on. Since the 1950s, the grammatical scholars have described and analyzed the nature and types of sentences and explained the causes of their mutual exchange. However, there are still some problems in the study of subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, such as the disunity of classification standards, the unsystematic explanation of motivation and the lack of special articles, which undoubtedly leave a wide space for our future research. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part summarizes the research situation of the subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, defines the research object of this paper, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the course of the research. In the second part, based on the previous classification, we conclude seven basic types of modern Chinese subject and object reciprocal sentences, which are as follows: for use, for object and subject, for each other, for existing, for, and for mixed meaning, subject, object, and object. Results semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, equivalent semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, reciprocal main object reciprocal sentence. A reasonable explanation is given to the problems of naming inconsistency and use case superposition in previous classification research. The third part concretely analyzes seven basic types of subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, discusses the syntactic and semantic conditions that affect subject-object reciprocity, and compares the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic differences between A-type and B-type. In the aspect of syntax, we mainly investigate the sentence composition and the structural mode, and the hierarchical segmentation. In the semantic aspect, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2 and the two aspects of the sentence meaning of type A and type B, and in the aspect of pragmatics, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2. Mainly examines the theme and the focal point, the emotion and the style two aspects. On the basis of the discussion of differences, this paper puts forward three angles of choice in daily communication and writing: according to narrative, according to cognitive process, and according to context cohesion and anaphora. The fourth part analyzes the formation reasons of the subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese. This paper is intended to explain Chinese Noumenon and Cognitive causes in order to make a more comprehensive and systematic explanation. The complexity of language and the characteristics of Chinese word order provide the possibility for the existence of subject-object reciprocal sentence in modern Chinese, and the particularity of subject-object reciprocal sentence itself is also an important reason for the realization of subject-object reciprocal. Based on the symmetrical semantic relation in sentence structure and the state meaning of static scene, people have bidirectional cognitive choice, and different subjective images are generated from the same objective picture through different cognitive selection procedures. The difference of subjective intention directly causes the difference of language structure form. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes the main research content of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 鹿荣;;原型供用句句法可逆的语义制约[J];北方论丛;2010年05期
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