越南学生习得现代汉语动态助词“着”“了”“过”的偏误分析及纠正对策

发布时间：2018-10-15 17:20

【摘要】：“着”、“了”、“过”是汉语中的三个主要动态助词,动态助词的出现频率较高,用法很多。对越南学生来说,能准确地运用动态助词真是一件不容易的事情。本人写此篇论文的主要目的是为了通过深入分析现代汉语动态助词的语法意义和语法功能,对越南学生学习动态助词常见的错误进行调查,从而提出纠正的方法。本论文在研究过程中使用综合对比、调查考察和分析的方法。除引言部分之外,本文共分三章。第一章讨论现代汉语动态助词和越南语动态助词的语法功能及特点。同时将越南语和汉语中的动态助词进行对比,分析两者的异同。第二章以顺化外国语大学中文系学生为对象调查分析越南学生习得动态助词的常见错误。第三章根据调查分析的结果,对越南学生习得现代汉语动态助词“着”“了”“过”的常见偏误提出纠正对策。根据调查的结果笔者发现在学习和使用动态助词的过程中,学生经常犯了三种错误：动态助词位置的错误,混用动态助词“了”和语气助词“了”,动态助词其他的常见错误。主要的原因是在学习过程中,他们还没掌握好词类就继续学语法,使学生逐渐失去学习的兴趣,影响到学习动态助词“着”、“了”、“过”的结果。如果“着”、“了”、“过”的使用方法掌握不太好,会引起其他语法规律也掌握不好。另外,学生没有主动把已学过的知识进行对照、分辨、综合,没有掌握它们之间的相似之处和区别。学生还受母语的影响,还没跳出越南语的思维束缚。要克服上面的错误,最重要的是让学生掌握好动态助词的实质、特点和用法,特别是它们特殊的位置。除了掌握“着”、“了”、“过”的用法,还要掌握一些跟动态助词有相似的表达功能的成分如语气助词“了”、单趋向补语、复合趋向补语等,同时进行对比,找出两种语言的相似点和区别之处,避免再一次犯错误。
[Abstract]:The three main dynamic auxiliary words in Chinese are "Zhe", "er" and "Yue", which appear frequently and have a lot of usages. It is not easy for Vietnamese students to use dynamic auxiliary words accurately. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the grammatical meaning and grammatical function of dynamic auxiliary words in modern Chinese, and to investigate the common mistakes of Vietnamese students in learning dynamic auxiliary words, so as to put forward some methods to correct them. In this paper, comprehensive comparison, investigation and analysis are used in the research process. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the grammatical functions and characteristics of modern Chinese dynamic auxiliary and Vietnamese dynamic auxiliary. At the same time, the dynamic auxiliary words in Vietnamese and Chinese are compared, and the similarities and differences between them are analyzed. The second chapter investigates and analyzes the common errors in the acquisition of dynamic auxiliary words by Vietnamese students. The third chapter, according to the result of investigation and analysis, puts forward some countermeasures to correct the common errors of Vietnamese students' acquisition of modern Chinese dynamic auxiliary word "Zhe" and "Yue". According to the results of the investigation, the author finds that students often make three kinds of mistakes in the process of learning and using dynamic auxiliary words: the position of dynamic auxiliary words, the mixed use of dynamic auxiliary words and mood auxiliary words, and other common mistakes of dynamic auxiliary words. The main reason is that in the process of learning, they continue to learn grammar before they have mastered the part of speech, so that the students gradually lose interest in learning, and affect the results of learning dynamic auxiliary words "Ze", "already" and "too". If the use of "do", "have", "pass" method is not very good, will lead to other grammatical rules are not well mastered. In addition, the students did not take the initiative to compare, distinguish, synthesize and grasp the similarities and differences between them. Students are also influenced by their mother tongue and haven't jumped out of the Vietnamese mentality. To overcome the above mistakes, the most important thing is to make students master the essence, characteristics and usage of dynamic auxiliary words, especially their special position. In addition to mastering the usage of "Zhe", "already" and "too", we also need to master some elements that have similar expressive functions to dynamic auxiliary words, such as mood auxiliary "er", single directional complement, compound directional complement, etc., and make a comparison at the same time. Find out the similarities and differences between the two languages and avoid making mistakes again.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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