顺应论视角下学术建议互动中的身份建构研究
发布时间：2019-01-29 04:45
【摘要】：言语交际中的身份建构一直受到人们的广泛关注。尽管已有很多研究对此从不同视角进行了深入探讨,但现有机构性互动中的身份建构研究往往将参与者的身份视为是默认不变的,忽略了交际者在动态交际过程中会建构不同身份(包括变异性身份)并在身份之间进行转换。同时,现有机构性互动中的身份建构研究大多聚焦于某一类话语体裁,而较少关注某一类话语体裁下的某一类言语行为,如建议。鉴于此,本研究拟以中国语境下博士论文开题报告会上的专家委员会成员在其建议话语序列中的身份建构为主要研究对象,考察其实施建议时为满足特定交际需要而建构的身份的类型、语言选择以及身份建构的动态性和制约身份建构的语境因素,以了解学术口语互动中交际者身份建构的基本特征及动因。基于语言顺应论(Verschueren,1999),本研究构建了一个分析框架,包括四个具体分析维度：身份建构是满足交际需要的一种方式；身份建构是一个不断做出选择的过程；身份建构是一个动态的过程；身份建构顺应交际中的各种语境因素。基于从中国语境下5个博士论文开题报告会上收集到的395例建议话语,本研究从这四个维度详细考察了专家建议者(即参加博士论文开题报告会的专家委员会成员)在其建议话语序列中的身份建构。分析表明：第一,专家建议者在其建议话语序列中倾向于建构两大类身份：默认的专家身份和变异性(或偏离性)身份。其中,建议者默认的专家身份在动态交际中会不断被修饰,以突显专家某一方面的特质,主要包括：知识渊博专家身份、权威专家身份、谦逊专家身份以及亲和专家身份。专家建议者建构的偏离性身份主要包括教师身份、研究者身份、虚拟建议接受者身份、外行身份等。这些身份的建构有一定的独特性,涉及到不同层面上的语言选择,可归纳为语言形式、语义内容和话语方式三个变量。这三个变量相互联系,但在不同身份建构中的突显程度有所差异。另外,这些身份主要分布在建议前序列和建议实施序列中,这与其在建议序列中的功能直接相关。第二,专家建议者身份建构的动态性主要体现为：对默认专家身份的修饰和身份之间的转换。前者主要指,在一个建议话语序列中,默认的专家身份会被不断地加以修饰。后者主要指,在一个建议话语序列中,不同身份之间会发生动态转换。身份转换包括三种具体情形：(1)身份之间的转换有非常明晰的顺序,其发生转换的建议话语序列一般都包含建议前序列和(或)建议后序列。(2)在仅由建议实施序列构成的建议话语序列中,专家建议者交替建构专家身份和虚拟建议接受者身份,还交替建构专家身份和同行研究者身份。(3)在仅由建议实施序列构成的建议话语序列中,专家建议者可能会建构两种身份,但其中一种身份的建构嵌置于另一种身份的建构之中。第三,专家建议者身份建构的多样性和动态性是为了满足学术建议互动语境中的交际需要,包括有效实施建议的首要交际需要(或交际目标)和构建和谐人际关系的次要交际需要。要实现这样的目标,就需要顺应当前交际中的多种语境因素,具体包括社交世界中机构性实践社区、谦逊准则、权势关系以及社会距离,心智世界中的情感和面子因素,以及物理世界中的参与者因素。专家建议者建构各种身份是顺应各种语境因素的结果。而且,同一种身份的建构可以是对多个语境因素顺应的结果,但其中一种语境因素往往会在当前交际需要之下更加突显。通过对学术建议话语中专家身份建构的细致考察,本研究具有以下启示：理论层面上,本研究可以加强人们对偏离性身份的本质特征、身份修饰及身份转换特征及动因的理解,也有助于加深人们对身份建构和言语行为之间互动关系的理解。此外,本研究表明,将一些相关原则和理论纳入到语言顺应论的框架下来作为其具体的分析模块(如实践社区理论、面子理论以及有关身份的一些理论或原则等)可以增强该理论的可操作性。实践层面上,本研究的发现有助于学术互动中交际者策略性地建构各种身份以有效实施建议,创建和保持和谐的学术交际环境。专家的建议方式对写作话语中的建议实施也具有重要启示。另外,专家建议者所建构的各种身份及其建构策略有益于参与该学术互动的学生以后在类似的实践社区活动中建构适切的身份。方法论层面上,本研究将描述学术建议互动中身份建构的话语分析方法具体化为三个维度,即语言形式、话语内容、话语方式。这三个维度为通过话语分析方法考察身份建构提供了具体的操作模块。此外,本研究中甄别和提取建议行为的方法(如微观和宏观视角)可以为机构性互动中的建议行为研究以及语际语用学和跨文化语用学中的建议行为研究提供方法论上的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The identity construction in speech communication has been widely concerned by people. Although many studies have been deeply discussed from different perspectives, the research of identity construction in the existing institutional interaction tends to regard the identity of the participants as the default, in that course of the dynamic communication, the communicative person will construct a different identity (including the identity of the variability) and perform the conversion between the identities. At the same time, the research of identity construction in the existing institutional interaction is focused on a class of discourse, and less attention to a kind of speech act in a class of discourse, such as the suggestion. In view of this, this study is to construct as the main research object the identity of the members of the committee of experts on the presentation report of the doctoral thesis in the context of the Chinese context, and to examine the type of identity constructed in order to meet the needs of the specific communication in the implementation of the proposal. The dynamic of language selection and identity construction and the contextual factors that restrict the construction of the identity are the basic characteristics and the causes of the identity construction of the communicants in the academic oral interaction. Based on Verschueren (1999), this research constructs an analysis framework, which includes four specific analysis dimensions: identity construction is a way to meet the needs of communication; identity construction is a process of continuous choice; identity construction is a dynamic process; The identity construction conforms to the various contextual factors in the communication. Based on the 395 proposed utterances collected from the report of the five doctoral thesis in the context of the Chinese context, this study looked at the expert advice from the four dimensions (i.e., the members of the expert committee who participated in the report on the subject of the doctoral thesis) in his proposed speech sequence. The analysis shows that first, the expert suggested that in the sequence of his proposed words, the expert suggested two types of identity: the default expert's identity and the identity of the variability (or deviation). Among them, the author's default expert status is constantly modified in the dynamic communication to highlight the characteristics of an expert's aspect, mainly including the identity of the knowledgeable expert, the identity of the authority expert, the identity of the humble expert, and the identity of the pro-and expert. The independent status of the expert's construction includes the identity of the teacher, the identity of the researcher, the identity of the recipient of the virtual suggestion, the identity of the foreign line, etc. The construction of these identities is unique, involving language selection at different levels, and can be summarized as three variables of language form, semantic content and discourse mode. These three variables are linked to each other, but the degree of prominence in different identity constructs is different. In addition, these identities are mainly distributed in the pre-recommended sequence and the suggested implementation sequence, which is directly related to the function in the suggested sequence. Second, the dynamic nature of the expert's identity construction is as follows: the conversion between the modification and the identity of the default expert's identity. The former mainly refers to the fact that in a suggested discourse sequence, the default expert status is constantly modified. The latter mainly refers to a dynamic transition between different identities in a proposed sequence of words. Identity conversion includes three specific situations: (1) the transition between the identities has a very clear sequence, and the proposed sequence of words for which the conversion takes place generally contains the pre-suggested sequence and/ or the post-suggested sequence. (2) In the suggested discourse sequence composed of only the suggested sequences, the expert suggested that the identity of the expert and the recipient of the virtual suggestion were alternately constructed, and the identity of the expert and the peer-of-the-peer researchers were also alternately constructed. (3) In the suggested discourse sequence composed of only the suggested sequences, the expert suggested that the two types of identity may be constructed, but one of them is embedded in the construction of another identity. Third, the diversity and dynamics of the expert expert's identity construction are to meet the communicative needs in the interactive context of the academic proposal, including the primary communication needs (or the communication goal) of the effective implementation of the suggestions and the secondary communication need to construct the harmonious interpersonal relationship. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conform to the various contextual factors in the current communication, including the institutional practice community in the social world, the humility criterion, the power relationship and the social distance, the emotional and face factors in the mental world, and the participant factors in the physical world. The experts suggest that the construction of various identities is the result of various contextual factors. Moreover, the construction of the same identity can be the result of the adaptation to a plurality of contextual factors, but one of the contextual factors is often more highlighted in the current communication needs. Through the careful study of the construction of the expert's identity in the discourse of the academic proposal, this study has the following enlightenment: on the theoretical level, this study can strengthen the understanding of the essential characteristics, the identity modification and the identity conversion characteristics and the motivation of the deviation identity. It also helps to deepen the understanding of the interaction between the identity construction and the speech act. In addition, this study shows that some relevant principles and theories are incorporated into the framework of language adaptation theory as its specific analysis module (such as practice community theory, face theory and some theories or principles of identity) to enhance the operability of the theory. At the practical level, the findings of this study can help the communicant in the academic interaction to strategically construct various identities to effectively implement the suggestions, create and maintain a harmonious academic communication environment. The advice of the expert also has important enlightenment to the implementation of the suggestion in the writing discourse. In addition, the various identities constructed by the experts and their construction strategies are beneficial to the students participating in the academic interaction to construct a proper identity in similar practice community activities. At the methodological level, this study will describe the analytic method of the identity construction in the interaction of the academic proposal, which is the three dimensions, namely the language form, the content of the discourse and the way of discourse. The three dimensions provide a specific operational module for the identity construction through the analytic method. In addition, the method of identifying and extracting the suggested behavior in this study, such as the micro and macro-visual angle, can provide a methodological reference for the study of the suggested behavior in the mechanism interaction and the study of the suggested behavior in the inter-lingual and cross-cultural pragmatics.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030
，
本文编号：2417658
[Abstract]:The identity construction in speech communication has been widely concerned by people. Although many studies have been deeply discussed from different perspectives, the research of identity construction in the existing institutional interaction tends to regard the identity of the participants as the default, in that course of the dynamic communication, the communicative person will construct a different identity (including the identity of the variability) and perform the conversion between the identities. At the same time, the research of identity construction in the existing institutional interaction is focused on a class of discourse, and less attention to a kind of speech act in a class of discourse, such as the suggestion. In view of this, this study is to construct as the main research object the identity of the members of the committee of experts on the presentation report of the doctoral thesis in the context of the Chinese context, and to examine the type of identity constructed in order to meet the needs of the specific communication in the implementation of the proposal. The dynamic of language selection and identity construction and the contextual factors that restrict the construction of the identity are the basic characteristics and the causes of the identity construction of the communicants in the academic oral interaction. Based on Verschueren (1999), this research constructs an analysis framework, which includes four specific analysis dimensions: identity construction is a way to meet the needs of communication; identity construction is a process of continuous choice; identity construction is a dynamic process; The identity construction conforms to the various contextual factors in the communication. Based on the 395 proposed utterances collected from the report of the five doctoral thesis in the context of the Chinese context, this study looked at the expert advice from the four dimensions (i.e., the members of the expert committee who participated in the report on the subject of the doctoral thesis) in his proposed speech sequence. The analysis shows that first, the expert suggested that in the sequence of his proposed words, the expert suggested two types of identity: the default expert's identity and the identity of the variability (or deviation). Among them, the author's default expert status is constantly modified in the dynamic communication to highlight the characteristics of an expert's aspect, mainly including the identity of the knowledgeable expert, the identity of the authority expert, the identity of the humble expert, and the identity of the pro-and expert. The independent status of the expert's construction includes the identity of the teacher, the identity of the researcher, the identity of the recipient of the virtual suggestion, the identity of the foreign line, etc. The construction of these identities is unique, involving language selection at different levels, and can be summarized as three variables of language form, semantic content and discourse mode. These three variables are linked to each other, but the degree of prominence in different identity constructs is different. In addition, these identities are mainly distributed in the pre-recommended sequence and the suggested implementation sequence, which is directly related to the function in the suggested sequence. Second, the dynamic nature of the expert's identity construction is as follows: the conversion between the modification and the identity of the default expert's identity. The former mainly refers to the fact that in a suggested discourse sequence, the default expert status is constantly modified. The latter mainly refers to a dynamic transition between different identities in a proposed sequence of words. Identity conversion includes three specific situations: (1) the transition between the identities has a very clear sequence, and the proposed sequence of words for which the conversion takes place generally contains the pre-suggested sequence and/ or the post-suggested sequence. (2) In the suggested discourse sequence composed of only the suggested sequences, the expert suggested that the identity of the expert and the recipient of the virtual suggestion were alternately constructed, and the identity of the expert and the peer-of-the-peer researchers were also alternately constructed. (3) In the suggested discourse sequence composed of only the suggested sequences, the expert suggested that the two types of identity may be constructed, but one of them is embedded in the construction of another identity. Third, the diversity and dynamics of the expert expert's identity construction are to meet the communicative needs in the interactive context of the academic proposal, including the primary communication needs (or the communication goal) of the effective implementation of the suggestions and the secondary communication need to construct the harmonious interpersonal relationship. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conform to the various contextual factors in the current communication, including the institutional practice community in the social world, the humility criterion, the power relationship and the social distance, the emotional and face factors in the mental world, and the participant factors in the physical world. The experts suggest that the construction of various identities is the result of various contextual factors. Moreover, the construction of the same identity can be the result of the adaptation to a plurality of contextual factors, but one of the contextual factors is often more highlighted in the current communication needs. Through the careful study of the construction of the expert's identity in the discourse of the academic proposal, this study has the following enlightenment: on the theoretical level, this study can strengthen the understanding of the essential characteristics, the identity modification and the identity conversion characteristics and the motivation of the deviation identity. It also helps to deepen the understanding of the interaction between the identity construction and the speech act. In addition, this study shows that some relevant principles and theories are incorporated into the framework of language adaptation theory as its specific analysis module (such as practice community theory, face theory and some theories or principles of identity) to enhance the operability of the theory. At the practical level, the findings of this study can help the communicant in the academic interaction to strategically construct various identities to effectively implement the suggestions, create and maintain a harmonious academic communication environment. The advice of the expert also has important enlightenment to the implementation of the suggestion in the writing discourse. In addition, the various identities constructed by the experts and their construction strategies are beneficial to the students participating in the academic interaction to construct a proper identity in similar practice community activities. At the methodological level, this study will describe the analytic method of the identity construction in the interaction of the academic proposal, which is the three dimensions, namely the language form, the content of the discourse and the way of discourse. The three dimensions provide a specific operational module for the identity construction through the analytic method. In addition, the method of identifying and extracting the suggested behavior in this study, such as the micro and macro-visual angle, can provide a methodological reference for the study of the suggested behavior in the mechanism interaction and the study of the suggested behavior in the inter-lingual and cross-cultural pragmatics.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030
，
本文编号：2417658
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