英汉情感隐喻“喜悦”，“愤怒”的认知研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 10:27

【摘要】：情感,作为人类经验的重要组成部分,是人体经验中最中心、最普遍的方面之一。如何理解和概念化情感一直是人们关注的问题。当代隐喻认知理论认为隐喻关系着人们的思维和推理,是一种重要的认知手段,是两个不同域之间的映射,揭示了人们是如何基于身体经验,通过较为熟悉、具体的概念来理解陌生、抽象的概念。隐喻作为具体事物和抽象事物之间的桥梁,为理解情感提供了可能性。然而情感,复杂而抽象,人们关于情感的经历和经验则丰富多彩。特定的情感经验知识铸就特定的情感认知模式。我们通过认知原型对情感词“喜悦”和“愤怒”的认知分析,进一步证实情感隐喻是人们理解情感的有利工具,同时发现：研究其语义联想既有助于验证前人揭示的认知模式,又能体现情感隐喻的发展变化；本文将着重讨论英汉情感词“喜悦”和“愤怒”在认知原型下的认知语义联想。本文详尽地整理了大量英汉语中两种情感的隐喻,经过分析比较发现,首先,英汉情感概念隐喻呈现出很大程度的相似性。如英汉语中都有“喜悦是上”,是“光”而“愤怒是火”,是“容器中热流体”的概念隐喻,都有“愤怒是热”这一概念隐喻。这些相似点揭示了英汉隐喻源于相同的身体经验和物质经验,具有共同的认知和生理基础。同样,英汉语也使用许多不同的隐喻来概念化情感,如喜悦这一情感,英语中有“喜悦是远离地面”的概念隐喻,而汉语则把喜悦概念化为“快活似神仙”；“愤怒是热”这一中心隐喻运用于液体,英汉语中分别产生“愤怒是容器中的热流体”和“愤怒是容器中的热气体”的概念隐喻。其次,在具体通过身体表现描述情感时,汉语倾向于使用更多的人体器官,尤其是人体内部器官,且特定身体器官的选择并不是任意的；而英语通常会运用自然现象来表示情感,如喜悦是“宜人的天气”,愤怒是“惊涛怒浪”等。这些差异应归因于不同的文化背景和文化传统及价值观的影响,必须通过探讨英汉民族不同的文化模式寻求解释。除了总结英汉情感隐喻中的相似性,本文主要从中国传统哲学中的“阴阳”理论,传统中医学“五大元素”理论以及西方主客观之分和中国文化的天人合一理论来阐释二者之间的文化差异性。本论文在英汉大量“喜悦”和“愤怒”隐喻例句对比分析的基础上验证了前人在情感隐喻研中得出的一般性规律,即由于人类的身体结构有着明显的相同特征和功能,不同语言中情感的概念化必定存在着共同点；另一方面,由于受到不同文化模式的影响,不同语言中情感的理解和具体表达式展现出不同的文化个性。本论文填补了人们对“喜悦”和“愤怒”隐喻研究的空白,以期对外语中情感词汇学习有一定的启示作用。
[Abstract]:Emotion, as an important part of human experience, is one of the most central and universal aspects of human experience. How to understand and conceptualize emotion has always been the concern of people. Contemporary metaphorical cognitive theory holds that metaphor relates to people's thinking and reasoning, is an important cognitive means, is a mapping between two different domains, and reveals how people are based on physical experience and are more familiar with it. Concrete concepts to understand unfamiliar, abstract concepts. Metaphor, as a bridge between concrete things and abstract things, provides the possibility for understanding emotion. However, emotion, complex and abstract, people's emotional experience and experience is rich and colorful. Specific emotional experiential knowledge builds a specific emotional cognitive model. Through the cognitive analysis of the emotional words "joy" and "anger" in the cognitive prototype, we further prove that affective metaphor is a useful tool for people to understand emotion. At the same time, we find that the study of semantic association can help to verify the cognitive patterns revealed by predecessors. It can also reflect the development and change of emotional metaphor; This paper focuses on the cognitive semantic association between English and Chinese affective words "joy" and "anger" under the cognitive prototype. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the two affective metaphors in English and Chinese, and finds that, first of all, the conceptual metaphors of affective in English and Chinese are similar to each other to a great extent. For example, in both English and Chinese, there is a conceptual metaphor of "joy is up", "light" and "anger is fire", which is a conceptual metaphor of "hot fluid in containers" and "anger is heat". These similarities reveal that English and Chinese metaphors originate from the same physical and material experiences and share a common cognitive and physiological basis. Similarly, English and Chinese also use many different metaphors to conceptualize emotions, such as joy. In English there is a conceptual metaphor of "joy is far from the ground", while in Chinese, joy is conceptualized as "happy like a fairy". The central metaphor of "anger is heat" is used in liquid. In English and Chinese, the concept of "anger is the heat flux in the container" and "anger is the hot gas body in the container" is produced in English and Chinese respectively. Secondly, when describing emotion through physical expression, Chinese tends to use more human organs, especially human internal organs, and the choice of specific body organs is not arbitrary; English usually uses natural phenomena to express emotions, such as joy is "pleasant weather", anger is "stormy waves" and so on. These differences should be attributed to the influence of different cultural backgrounds, cultural traditions and values. In addition to summing up the similarities between English and Chinese affective metaphors, this paper focuses on the theory of "yin and yang" in Chinese traditional philosophy. The traditional Chinese medicine "five elements" theory, the western subjective and objective theory and the Chinese culture theory of the unity of nature and man to explain the cultural differences between the two. Based on the contrastive analysis of many metaphors of "joy" and "anger" in English and Chinese, this thesis verifies the general rules obtained by predecessors in the study of affective metaphors, that is, the human body structure has the same characteristics and functions. The conceptualization of emotion in different languages must have something in common; On the other hand, due to the influence of different cultural models, the understanding and expression of emotion in different languages show different cultural personality. This thesis fills up the gaps in the study of "joy" and "anger" metaphors in order to enlighten the learning of affective vocabulary in foreign languages.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H136

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