汉语把字句的儿童习得研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 11:27

【摘要】：在汉语语言学研究中，把字句一直是研究的热点。虽然如此，但是对于汉语儿童习得把字句的研究却相对缺乏和不足，而且前人的研究多半是描述性的，旨在借助纵向数据来展示把字句的发展历程。相比之下，对于儿童对该句型的具体特征的敏感度却知之甚少。本论文研究了汉语儿童对把字句某一特定句型的习得，即带有地点补语的把字句：“把+名+动+到/在+处所词”。本文既研究了儿童对该句型的产出,又研究了儿童对该句型的理解。本研究包括三个实验:实验一为诱导产出，即在特定的语境中诱导实验对象产出目标把字句；实验二为视频验证，即让实验对象根据视频的内容对测试句的真假值进行判断；实验三是动作演示，即让实验对象通过动作来演示目标句型的音频所描述的事件。实验一旨在研究儿童对目标句型的产出能力，实验二和实验三则是为了研究其对目标句型的理解能力。在实验中，笔者分别对湘潭市三所幼儿园中三个不同年龄段的儿童（5-6，4-5和3-4）进行了测试，参加实验的儿童的总人数为153。同时，一些成人作为控制组的实验对象也参与了该实验调查。实验一的结果表明儿童对目标把字句的产出量是成人的一半，且随着年龄的增长，产出率不断提高。实验二表明尽管儿童和成人判断正确把字句的能力相差不大，但是相对于成人来说，儿童更加倾向对错误的句子做出肯定的判断。随着年龄的增长，儿童的判断能力日益接近成人。实验三的结果显示儿童在动作演示中的表现与成人非常相似，这表明对于上述把字句，儿童和成人拥有相同的语言知识。根据上述的实验结果，我们可以得出这样的结论：尽管儿童在产出目标把字句中的表现远不如成人，但他们的确掌握了把字句方面的语言知识。在理解测试中，他们的表现近乎完美，这就是证据。据观察，儿童或许因为在处理把字句的过程中，承受着认知方面的压力，，无法正常地使用目标句型，所以产出率才会不高。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese linguistics, the word sentence has always been the focus of research. In spite of this, the study of Chinese children's acquisition of the word "Ba" is relatively scarce and inadequate, and most of the previous studies are descriptive, in order to show the development of the sentence by means of vertical data. By contrast, little is known about the sensitivity of children to the specific characteristics of the sentence pattern. This paper studies the acquisition of a particular sentence pattern by Chinese children, that is, a phrase with a place complement: "move the name to / from the place word". This paper not only studies the output of children to the sentence pattern, but also studies the children's understanding of the sentence pattern. This study consists of three experiments: experiment one is induced output, that is, to induce the experimental object to produce the target sentence in a specific context, the second experiment is video verification, that is, the experimental object is allowed to judge the true or false value of the test sentence according to the content of the video. The third experiment is the action demonstration, that is, the subject is asked to demonstrate the event described by the audio of the target sentence pattern through the action. The purpose of experiment 1 is to study the output ability of children to the target sentence pattern, while the second and third experiments are to study their ability to understand the target sentence pattern. In the experiment, the author tested three children of different ages (5 ~ 6, 4 ~ 5 and 3 ~ 4) in three kindergartens in Xiangtan City. The total number of children participating in the experiment was 153. At the same time, some adults participated in the experimental investigation as the subjects of the control group. The results of experiment 1 show that the output of target sentences is half of that of adults, and the output rate increases with the increase of age. Experiment 2 shows that although there is no significant difference in the ability of children and adults to correctly pronounce sentences, children are more likely to make positive judgments about the wrong sentences than adults. With the increase of age, children's judgment ability is getting closer and closer to that of adults. The results of experiment 3 show that the performance of children in action demonstration is very similar to that of adults, which indicates that children and adults have the same language knowledge for the above sentences. On the basis of the above results, we can conclude that although children do not perform as well as adults in the output target sentence, they do have a good command of the language knowledge of the sentence. In the understanding test, their performance is almost perfect, which is the evidence. It has been observed that children may not be able to use the target sentence pattern normally because they are under cognitive pressure in the process of dealing with the sentence, so the output rate will not be high.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H193.1

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