魏晋南北朝祥瑞文学研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 10:54

本文关键词： 魏晋南北朝祥瑞文学政治功能特点地位　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：祥瑞即表示吉祥的征兆,是阴阳五行、天人感应、谶纬等发展下的产物,主要用于判定君王是否施政有德,也是帝王承天命的象征,与政治联系较为紧密。至西汉时,祥瑞始作为独立的名词出现在人们的视野中,并随着儒家至尊地位的形成而盛行。至魏晋南北朝时期,天灾人祸不断、皇权更迭频繁,儒道释三家并立、玄学盛行、文化环境较为宽松。此外,该时期年号祥瑞化,士族团体化,这样的环境促使祥瑞思想在魏晋南北朝依然盛行。根据《宋书·符瑞志》《魏书·灵征志》《南齐书·祥瑞志》三部作品,统计出该时期祥瑞意象多达193种,主要分为天文祥瑞、动物祥瑞、植物祥瑞、自然现象祥瑞及特殊器物祥瑞五大类。虽然祥瑞的关涉对象主要是皇家,但是由于多数君王重视、臣子迎合等原因,依然产生了大量祥瑞文学作品。文章中的祥瑞文学,是以祥瑞现象为题材,以多种文体(颂、赋、诗歌等)为载体,多以歌功颂德为主题,政治色彩浓厚的文学样式。最早的祥瑞文学作品可追溯至司马相如的《封禅文》。据统计,魏晋南北朝时期共有180篇祥瑞文学作品。由于曹魏、孙吴、蜀汉不同的得权背景及用人标准,三国近臣文士对待祥瑞的态度亦大有不同,这样的态度在祥瑞文学作品主题上得以具体呈现。魏文帝代汉而称帝,其政权从根本上即缺乏正统性,因此曹魏的祥瑞文学作品主题多是强调帝王登位的合理性。孙吴帝王喜用祥瑞类年号,体现其对祥瑞的重视。作为汉室后裔的蜀汉祥瑞文学主要是为劝进而作。两晋时期的祥瑞文学作品中已渗入佛教思想,题材进一步扩大,而南北朝祥瑞文学则呈现了儒、佛、玄共存的风貌,祥瑞文学得到了进一步发展。魏晋南北朝时期祥瑞文学政治性主题较为鲜明,为统治阶级服务的目的明确,祥瑞意象丰富,以祥瑞现象表达歌功颂德、粉饰时政之主旨的方式多变,文体类型多样。正因为如此,该时期祥瑞文学在文学史上占有独特地位,拓展了前期祥瑞文学,促进了当时文学的发展,并对后世祥瑞文学的创作产生了重要影响。
[Abstract]:Xiangrui is a sign of good luck. It is the product of the development of Yin and Yang, the five elements of Heaven and Man, the augury and so on. It is mainly used to judge whether the king is virtuous or not, and is also the symbol of the emperor's destiny. Until the Western Han Dynasty, Xiangrui as an independent term appeared in the vision of people, and with the formation of the supreme status of Confucianism and prevalence. Until the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, natural and man-made disasters continued. The imperial power changes frequently, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism stand side by side, metaphysics is prevailing, and the cultural environment is relatively loose. In addition, the age of this period is auspicious, and the literati group. This kind of environment causes Xiangrui's thought to still prevail in Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties. According to the three works of Song Shu Fu Ruizhi Wei Shu Ling Zheng Zhi and Nan Qi Shu Xiangrui Zhi. Statistics show that there are 193 kinds of Xiangrui images in this period, which are divided into five categories: astronomical Xiangrui, animal Xiangrui, plant Xiangrui, natural phenomena Xiangrui and special artifacts Xiangrui, although Xiangrui is mainly concerned with the royal family. However, due to the importance of most kings, subjects to cater to other reasons, still produced a large number of Xiangrui literature, the article is Xiangrui phenomenon as the subject matter, with a variety of styles (Song, Fu, poetry, etc.) as the carrier. The earliest Xiangrui literary works can be traced back to Sima Xiangru's "Feng Zen Wen". According to statistics. There were 180 articles of Xiangrui literature in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Due to the different background of obtaining power and the standards of employment, the attitude towards Xiangrui was also very different. Such an attitude can be concretely presented on the theme of Xiangrui's literary works. Wei Wen-di was the emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty and his regime was fundamentally lacking in orthodoxy. Therefore, the theme of Cao Wei's Xiangrui literary works is to emphasize the rationality of emperors' ascent to the throne. As a descendant of Han Dynasty, Shu Han Xiangrui literature is mainly for the purpose of persuading to advance. Xiangrui literary works in the Jin Dynasty have infiltrated the Buddhist thought, and the subject matter has further expanded. Xiangrui Literature of the Southern and Northern dynasties showed the coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and metaphysics, and Xiangrui Literature was further developed. The political theme of Xiangrui Literature in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties was clear, and the purpose of serving the ruling class was clear. Xiangrui is rich in imagery, expresses his praises with auspicious phenomena, and has varied styles and styles of whitewashing the gist of current politics. Because of this, Xiangrui literature occupies a unique position in the history of literature during this period. It expands the early Xiangrui literature, promotes the development of the literature at that time, and exerts an important influence on the creation of Xiangrui literature.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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