莫言小说的隐喻叙事研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:08

本文选题：隐喻叙事　切入点：莫言小说　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亚里士多德认为“至今最伟大的事是对隐喻的掌握,隐喻是不能向他人传递的,它是天才的标志,因为要创造好的隐喻意味着对相似点具有敏锐的眼力”。[1]文学中的隐喻性思维就是将两种不同的经验同构并形成意义上的关联,论者在解读莫言小说时发现作家笔下的人物命运和生命形态看似错综复杂,甚至神秘莫测,但背后反映出来的是莫言敏锐的洞察力,他能洞悉作为始源域的物象与作为目标域的意义指涉之间的同构关系。从某种程度上而言,意义的指涉、相关、同构使莫言的小说充满了丰富性与多义性,这种丰富性和多样性充实了莫言小说的文学内涵和审美意蕴:《红高粱》用杂种红高粱隐喻张扬着生命意识的先辈已消失殆尽,后辈已然失去了原始生命力;《生死疲劳》用愈筑愈高的火炉和日益缩小的土地隐喻人们对土地的背离和遗忘……通过对莫言小说中隐喻的解读感受作家对人的生命本质和生命形态的探寻和思考。论者认为隐喻的叙事策略使莫言小说丰富且多义,意义的功能指向与作为表象的物象世界相关联。不论是植物意象还是动物叙事,抑或朴素的身体隐喻以及文化反思都寄予着作家对历史的感知以及对“人”的生命存在形式的深刻反思和观照。理解隐喻的叙事策略是解读莫言魔幻、光怪陆离的文学世界的一把钥匙,论者希望通过这样一个切入点对其作品进行新的认识和思考。本文围绕以下几个方面展开论述:分别对植物意象、动物叙事、表象存在等与人的生存状态同构的意义指涉进行分析,概括出莫言对历史的书写强大而厚重,历史和生命始终是莫言小说中永恒的主题——刻画和摹写超越社会主流意识形态,超越了国家和人民历史的家族表达,将人物所经历的历史事件进行一种个人经验化的表达;从乳房隐喻和恋乳隐喻两个方面着手,通过女性身体上主要生殖器官最直观的变化隐喻对子孙后代命运的隐忧以及“种的退化”的痛楚;缴械的男性形象这一角度出发分析以上官金童为代表的男性群体隐喻野性生命力丧失的倾颓,上官家族作为中国近现代历史上的一个家族缩影隐喻了中国近代斑驳的政治史和文化史;以《酒国》、《生死疲劳》、《姑姑随后驾到》、《檀香刑》等文本为依托,构建起土地、酷刑、吃人主题与人的土地意识、暴行主题以及原欲倾泻之间的同构关联和意义相关,以此来体现莫言对人性幽暗进行批判的审美意识和荒诞超越理性的审美意蕴。最后,在结语部分中以辩证的思维反观莫言小说中隐喻叙事策略体现出来的诸如言语不加节制的倾泻、混杂等局限性,并反思自己在写作过程中的不足。
[Abstract]:Aristotle thought, "the greatest thing so far is the mastery of metaphor. Metaphor cannot be transmitted to others. It is a sign of genius." Because to create good metaphors means to have a keen eye for similarities. "[1] metaphorical thinking in literature is to construe two different experiences and form a sense of relevance. In interpreting Mo Yan's novels, the commentators find that the fate and life form of the characters in the writers' works appear to be intricate, even mysterious, but the sharp insight of Mo Yan is reflected behind them. He can understand the isomorphism between the object image as the origin domain and the meaning reference as the target domain. To some extent, the reference, correlation and isomorphism of meaning make Mo Yan's novel full of richness and polysemy. This richness and diversity enriches the literary connotation and aesthetic meaning of Mo Yan's novels: "Red Sorghum" used hybrid red sorghum metaphor to spread the consciousness of life of the ancestors have disappeared. Later generations have lost their original vitality; "fatigue of Life and death" with the ever higher stove and shrinking land metaphor people deviate from and forget the land. Through the interpretation of metaphor in Mo Yan's novels, I feel the writer's life to man. The author thinks that the narrative strategy of metaphor makes Mo Yan's novel rich and polysemous. The function of meaning is related to the world of objects as an image. Whether it is plant imagery or animal narration, Or the simple body metaphor and cultural introspection all place on the writer's perception of history and the profound reflection and reflection on the existence form of "human" life. The narrative strategy to understand metaphor is to interpret Mo Yan's magic. A key to the strange world of literature, the theorists hope to have a new understanding and reflection on their works through such a breakthrough point. This paper focuses on the following aspects: plant imagery, animal narration, and so on. The meaning of appearance being isomorphic to man's living state is analyzed, and the author concludes that Mo Yan's writing of history is strong and heavy. History and life are always the eternal themes in Mo Yan's novels-portrayal and description transcend the mainstream ideology of society. Transcending the family expression of the history of the country and the people, the historical events experienced by the characters are expressed in a personal experiential way, which starts from two aspects: breast metaphor and lactation metaphor. Through the most intuitionistic change of the main reproductive organs in the body of women, the hidden worries about the fate of future generations and the pain of "the degeneration of species" can be seen in the metaphorical metaphors; From the angle of disarmed male image, the male group represented by Shangguan Golden Boy is a metaphor for the decay of wild vitality. The Shangguan family, as a microcosm of a family in the modern history of China, metaphors the mottled political and cultural history of China in modern times; based on the texts of "Wine country", "fatigue of Life and death", "Auntie's arrival", "Honolulu punishment", and so on, they build up land and torture. The theme of cannibalism is related to the isomorphism and significance of people's land consciousness, atrocity theme and the original intention to pour out, so as to embody Mo Yan's aesthetic consciousness of criticizing the dark human nature and the aesthetic implication of absurdity surpassing reason. In the conclusion part, the author looks back at the limitations of the narrative strategies of metaphor in Mo Yan's novels, such as the uncontrolled pouring and mixing of words, and reflects on his shortcomings in the process of writing.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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