先秦诸子灾害书写的文献整理与研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 09:08

本文选题：先秦诸子 + 灾害书写　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：先秦诸子之学在中国思想文化史上占有崇高地位,后世研究已多,但迄今为止对其数量可观的灾害书写还缺乏专题研究。先秦诸子的灾害书写反映了先秦灾害的历史情况,记录了诸子对灾害的认识和思考,富有宝贵的历史价值、思想价值和文学价值。同时,在当前我们依然面临严峻灾害形势的情况下,对先秦诸子灾害书写的研究还具有一定的现实意义。本文试图对先秦诸子灾害书写内容进行整理研究,以期从源头上把握我国古代社会的灾害思想和灾害文学写作,从而揭示先秦诸子灾害书写对灾害史研究、诸子研究和文学研究的重要意义。本文主要分为以下四部分:第一部分,介绍先秦诸子灾害书写产生的历史背景。先秦时期面临多种灾害问题,严重影响了人民生产生活,威胁国家稳定。诸子生活在社会大变革的时代,积极寻求治国之道,灾害防治成为他们必须思考的问题。因此,诸子留下的内容丰富的灾害记录和评说,为研究先秦灾害思想和文学奠定了基础。第二部分,对先秦诸子灾害书写的内容及其文献价值进行整理和分析。通过查阅可靠的先秦诸子文献,梳理出诸子灾害书写的内容和篇目。统计可知,水灾、旱灾、饥荒是诸子灾害书写中最常见、最受关注的灾害问题。对不同的灾害问题,诸子书写各有侧重。佐证、补充先秦灾害史,生动记录部分灾情,保留一些古老材料是先秦诸子灾害书写重要的文献价值所在。第三部分,论述先秦诸子的灾害观念和救灾思想。儒家、道家、墨家、法家、名家、杂家各学派都提出了各具特色的救灾主张。仔细比较诸子各派的灾害思想,发现重农储粮、各司其职、人祸致灾是他们灾害思想的共识。基于不同的学派思想,又有“节用”和“戒奢”、“祭祀文饰”和“迷信鬼神”、“为民谋利”和“为君谋利”这三方面的差别。从中可以看出诸子学派内部的思想继承渊源,以及各学派彼此学习借鉴的痕迹。第四部分,总结先秦诸子灾害书写的文学价值。诸子灾害书写中隐含了丰富的人文精神:自我牺牲,艰苦奋斗,忧患意识和慈善思想。而其成熟的论说手法,大量的比喻修辞,细腻的人物刻画,以及志怪化的叙事倾向则展现了先秦诸子灾害书写的艺术性。同时,它在文体、语言、艺术技巧、文学素材、审美趣味等多方面都对后世产生了良好的影响。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese ideology and culture, the study of the pre-Qin scholars occupies a lofty position, and there are many studies in later generations, but so far there is a lack of special research on their considerable number of disaster writing. The disaster writing of the pre-Qin schools reflects the historical situation of the pre-Qin disasters, and records the understanding and thinking of the disasters, which is full of valuable historical value, ideological value and literary value. At the same time, under the situation that we are still facing the severe disaster situation, the study on the writing of the pre-Qin school disaster still has certain practical significance. This paper attempts to sort out and study the contents of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin period, in order to grasp the disaster thought and the disaster literature writing in ancient society of our country from the source, so as to reveal the research on the disaster history of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin period. The significance of the study of philosophers and literature. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part introduces the historical background of the writing of pre-Qin disasters. The pre-Qin period faced many disasters, which seriously affected the production and life of the people and threatened the stability of the country. The philosophers live in the era of great social change, actively seek the way of governing the country, disaster prevention and control has become a problem they must think about. Therefore, the abundant disaster records and comments left by the philosophers laid the foundation for the study of the pre-Qin disaster thought and literature. In the second part, the contents and the literature value of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin Dynasty are sorted out and analyzed. The contents and contents of the writing of the disasters of the pre-Qin Dynasty were sorted out by referring to the reliable literature of the pre-Qin schools of thought. According to statistics, flood, drought and famine are the most common and concerned disaster problems in the writing of various disasters. For different disaster problems, the various writers have their own emphasis. To supplement the history of pre-Qin disasters, to record some disasters vividly, and to retain some ancient materials are the important value of literature in the writing of pre-Qin disasters. The third part, discusses the disaster concept and the disaster relief thought of the pre-Qin school of thought. Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalists, famous schools, miscellaneous schools all put forward their own characteristics of disaster relief claims. By carefully comparing the disaster thoughts of the various schools of thought, it is found that the common understanding of the disaster thought is to lay stress on agriculture and store grain and perform their respective duties. On the basis of different schools of thought, there are three differences between "saving the use" and "abstaining from extravagance", "sacrificing literary ornaments" and "superstition of ghosts and gods", "seeking profit for the people" and "seeking profit for the monarch". From this, we can see the origin of ideological inheritance within the schools of thought, and the traces of each school learning from each other. The fourth part summarizes the literary value of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin Dynasty. There are abundant humanistic spirits in the writing of various disasters: self-sacrifice, hard struggle, suffering consciousness and charity thought. His mature argumentation, a large number of figurative figures of speech, delicate portrayal of characters, as well as the narrating tendency of narrating, showed the artistic nature of the disaster writing of the pre-Qin philosophers. At the same time, it has a good influence on later generations in style, language, art skills, literary materials, aesthetic taste and so on.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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