从《活着》到《第七天》看余华小说中的人类生存困境

发布时间：2018-05-08 10:30

本文选题：余华 + 生存困境　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国当代文学史上,余华是一个始终关注人类生存的作家,他在不断发掘人类生存欲望的同时,也展示了人类无边的生存困境。本文认为人类的生存困境在余华小说中呈现出一种流动性,它伴随着人类的欲望此起彼伏,这种流动性使余华的各部小说之间建立了密切的联系,从而成为了一个整体,特别是在余华转型之后的创作当中。因此,本文从《活着》、《许三观卖血记》、《兄弟》和《第七天》这四部小说入手,结合马斯洛需求层次理论和海德格尔存在主义哲学,通过文本细读和对作品人物生存欲望的分析,探析人类生存困境如何在矛盾冲突中得以展现、扩大和恶化,进而分析余华为人类指出摆脱生存困境的出路。本文主要通过三个章节探讨反映在余华小说中的人类生存困境。第一章和第二章都以上述四部作品中的主人公为例,即福贵、许三观、李光头和杨飞。笔者关注的不仅仅是人物形象本身,而是每一个活生生的人的存在。第一章,主要分析他们各自伴随欲望增长的生存目的,即为“什么”活,围绕他们的生存目的,笔者简单梳理了他们各自遭遇的生存困境,以及掩藏在他们身后同时代人所遭遇的生存困境。第二章,深入文本,通过人物“怎样活”的生存方式,探析从福贵到杨飞生活的年代,人类生存欲望的扩大和生存困境不断恶化的流动过程,重点分析恶化至冰点的现代人类生存危机。第三章,主要探析余华为现代人类摆脱生存困境所提供的出路,即死无葬身之地。根据对死无葬身之地三个层面的解析,深入理解余华反抗绝望创作态度的矛盾性,以及出路背后所隐藏的虚无。
[Abstract]:In the history of contemporary Chinese literature, Yu Hua is a writer who always pays attention to the existence of human beings. While exploring the desire for human existence, he also shows the dilemma of human existence. This paper holds that the predicament of human existence presents a kind of liquidity in Yu Hua's novels, which is accompanied by the desire of human beings, and this liquidity makes it possible. There is a close connection between Yu Hua's novels, which has become a whole, especially after the transformation of Yu Hua. Therefore, this article starts with the four novels of "living >", "Xu three views", "brother >" and "seventh days >", combining the theory of Maslow's demand level and Heidegger's existentialism, through the thin text. The analysis of the desire for the survival of the characters of the works, the analysis of how the predicament of human existence can be displayed in the conflict, enlarges and worsens, and then analyzes Yu Hua's way out for human beings to get out of the plight of existence. This article mainly discusses the predicament of human existence reflected in Yu Hua's novels by three chapters. The first and second chapters are all four of the above. The protagonist in the work of the Ministry is an example, that is, Fu, Xu, Li Guangtou and Yang Fei. The author pays more attention to not only the character itself, but the existence of every living person. In Chapter 1, the author mainly analyzes the survival purpose of their respective desire growth, that is, "what" and the purpose of their survival, the author simply combs him. The second chapters, in depth text, through the life style of "how to live", analyze the age of life from Fu Gui to Yang Fei, the expansion of human survival desire and the worsening flow of survival predicament, and the analysis of the deterioration to the freezing point. In the third chapter, the third chapter mainly analyzes the way out for modern human being to get rid of the plight of survival, that is, the place of death and no burial. According to the analysis of the three levels of death and no burial place, the contradiction of Yu Hua's rebellion against despair and the hidden nothingness behind the way out is deeply understood.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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