鲁迅与张承志比较研究三题

发布时间：2018-06-25 08:32

本文选题：鲁迅 + 张承志　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从探寻20世纪以来知识分子的主体精神结构出发,以鲁迅和张承志为范本,立足于两人作为知识分子和作家的两重身份,结合两人的文学创作和文化实践,试图在知识分子和作家相互映衬的视野里更加准确地把握鲁迅和张承志的人本和文本。为凸显问题意识,本文选取三个层面切入,分别是两人对于知识分子的批判与自我批判,观照历史的不同路径和主体意识,以及文学作品中从“过客”到“孤独骑手”的形象嬗变。试图通过对两人在以上三个问题中的选择和取道进行探究,进而辨析同中异,异中同。本篇论文共分为五部分:引言部分是对前人研究成果的述评,在此基础上提出通过从“知识分子”和“作家”的两重身份对两人的主体精神结构进行对比研究。第一章首先简要分析梳理“知识分子”一词的演变过程,以及鲁迅和张承志关于“知识分子”的相关论述,同时对“知识分子”这一概念加以界定,侧重批判精神和公共关怀两个维度,指明两人各自对知识分子身份的认同和体认。其后分别论述鲁迅和张承志对知识分子的批判以及自我批判。通过对比,指出两人在对知识分子批判这一问题上具有共同的怀疑意识和批判精神,鲁迅表现为复杂的深刻,对于知识分子的认知观念也处于不断变动之中。而张承志则身体力行以其知行合一的实践方式成为实践型知识分子的范本,固执坚守自我选择。同时自我批判层面,相较于鲁迅对自我灵魂的深度拷问,张承志则是在自剖之后仍有偏执坚守。第二章从“现役文学家”的视角切入,立足于历史和现实,论述两人观照历史的不同路径和主体意识。在此,鲁迅强调自我作为知识分子的负罪感,以及个体自身与悲剧命运在道德责任和社会现实层面的内在关联,体现为对自我作为“历史的中间物”的自觉承担。张承志则在贯彻自己整一的历史结构下,不断回顾历史,试图在新的语境下重新激活革命思想资源,并将其理念付诸实践,表现为肩负历史继续前行的主体承担意识。第三章是对第二章的进一步说明,“过客”与“孤独骑手”作为两人主体精神结构的面相之一,是两人同为作家各自“主体性”在文学作品中的体现。本章首先分析“过客”和“孤独骑手”各自的内在意蕴,“过客”明知前方是坟,却坚持“我息不下”地行走,体现了反抗绝望的韧性战斗精神,而“孤独骑手”不断踏上自由长旅则是为了寻求内心的“黄金牧场”。其后从“过客”到“孤独骑手”形象的转变入手,分析鲁迅与张承志各自的主体精神结构以及文化实践取道,鲁迅在此体现为反抗绝望的孤独行走,而张承志则因着对“类”的追寻和建立共同体的执着追求走向哲合忍耶的宗教信仰。通过两者的对比,在当代文学和鲁迅传统的背景下指出两人不同取道背后主体精神结构的差异。结语部分主要是对鲁迅和张承志的综合评价。两人既有共通的批判精神、对历史的主动承担,又有着取道的不同,既非简单的继承与超越,也不是完全的偏离和弱化,而是呈现出更为复杂的面貌,同时指出鲁迅和鲁迅传统需要在与当代作家以及当代社会的不断对话中被重新激活。
[Abstract]:Starting from the exploration of the intellectual structure of the intellectuals since twentieth Century, this paper, based on Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi as the model, based on the two identities of intellectuals and writers, combined with the literary creation and cultural practice of the two people, tries to grasp Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi more accurately in the vision of the intellectuals and the writers. In order to highlight the problem consciousness, this paper selects three aspects, namely, the two people's criticism and self criticism to the intellectuals, the different paths and the subjective consciousness of the history, and the evolution of the image from "passing the guest" to "the lonely rider" in the literary works. Through the choice of the choice of the two people in the above three problems This paper is divided into five parts: the introduction part is a review of the achievements of the predecessors, and on this basis, the author makes a comparative study of the main body structure of the two people from the two identities of "intellectuals" and "writers". The evolution process of the word "intellectuals", as well as the related exposition of "intellectuals" by Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi, and the definition of the concept of "intellectuals", focus on the two dimensions of the critical spirit and public care, and point out the identity and recognition of the two people to their intellectual identity. After that, the knowledge of Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi on knowledge is discussed respectively. The criticism of the molecules and self criticism. Through the comparison, it is pointed out that the two people have common suspicion and critical spirit on the question of the criticism of the intellectuals. Lu Xun is complicated and profound, and the cognitive concept of the intellectuals is constantly changing. And Zhang Chengzhi is in the practice of his knowledge and practice. On the level of self criticism, compared to Lu Xun's deep interrogation of his own soul, Zhang Chengzhi still has paranoid perseverance after his self profile. The second chapter starts from the perspective of "active writer", based on history and reality, and discusses the different paths and subjects of the two people to look at history. In this, Lu Xun emphasizes the sense of self as an intellectual's guilt, and the inner connection between the individual and the tragic fate in moral responsibility and social reality. It embodies self as a self-conscious undertaking of "the middle thing of history". Zhang Chengzhi, under the historical structure of his own, is constantly looking back on history and trying to be new. In the context, the revolutionary ideological resources are reactivated, and their ideas are put into practice. The third chapter is the further explanation of the second chapters. The "passers" and "lonely riders" are one of the faces of the spiritual structure of the two people, and the "subjectivity" of the two people in literature. This chapter first analyzes the intrinsic meaning of the "passerby" and "lonely rider". "The traveler" knows the grave in front of it, but insists that "I do not rest" to walk, reflecting the resilience of the desperate struggle, and the "lonely rider" constantly embark on the free long journey to seek the inner "golden pasture". After that, "the lonely rider" is to seek the inner "golden pasture". Starting with the change of "passing passenger" to "lonely rider", this paper analyzes the main body structure and cultural practice of Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi, and Lu Xun embodies the lonely walking against despair, while Zhang Chengzhi is pursuing the religious belief of the pursuit of the "class" and the establishment of the community. The contrast of the two, under the background of contemporary literature and Lu Xun's tradition, points out the differences between the spiritual structure of the two people behind different ways. The concluding part is mainly the comprehensive evaluation of Lu Xun and Zhang Chengzhi. The two people have the common critical spirit, the active undertaking of history, and the different ways of taking the way, neither the simple inheritance nor the transcendence, nor the simple inheritance and transcendence. Completely deviating and weakening, it presents a more complex look, pointing out that the tradition of Lu Xun and Lu Xun needs to be reactivated in a constant dialogue with contemporary writers and contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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