《三国演义》张飞形象流变史

发布时间：2018-07-03 13:00

本文选题：《三国演义》 + 张飞　；参考：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：张飞是三国历史时期蜀国著名军事将领,以英勇忠义著称。历经一千多年的时间跨度和流变历程,张飞被写入《三国演义》,成为大家喜闻乐见的文学典型,完成了由历史人物形象向文学形象的华丽转变。三国两晋南北朝时期,陈寿《三国志》记载了张飞英勇善战、礼贤下士、勇智双全、暴虐寡恩的形象。裴松之在为《三国志》作注时对张飞及其事迹的评价,强化了张飞勇而有义、礼贤下士、简单暴躁的形象特征,同时又增加对张飞的批判。隋唐时期的史籍充分肯定了张飞的德治武功,关照了张飞的英勇敬贤形象。唐诗在吟咏张飞勇猛的同时,较多地抒发了对其悲壮命运的感慨。这一时期的民间喜剧、传奇小说对三国故事的记载与演绎丰富了张飞形象的外延。宋元时期,对三国正统问题展开了讨论,受“拥刘反曹”主导思想的影响,张飞得到了广泛赞赏。张飞形象流变至此已获得相对独立的文学品格,在宋元诗词中流露出作者对张飞英豪之气的肯定,在《三国志平话》中张飞成为名副其实的主角。区别于之前,张飞形象明显出现了以下四个方面的变化:英勇向神勇转变、暴虐向粗莽趣化、嗜杀形象的出现、智谋和敬贤特征的淡化。明清时期,罗贯中完成了张飞文学形象的塑造,定型了张飞粗犷的外部形象,美化了张飞的忠义、勇智和莽趣形象。毛宗岗通过修改文本和增加评语的方式,赞美张飞为忠义仁礼的英雄人物和勇智双全的武将典型,格外突出了其急躁莽直性格特点,并使人物笼罩着浓烈的喜剧色彩。
[Abstract]:Zhang Fei is a famous military general of Shu during the three Kingdoms history, and is famous for his valor and loyalty. After more than a thousand years of time span and evolution, Zhang Fei was written into Romance of the three Kingdoms, which became a popular literary model and completed the magnificent transformation from historical figures to literary images. During the three Kingdoms, Chen Shou chronicles Zhang Fei's image of bravery and war, Corporal Li, brave and wise, and tyrannical. Pei Songzhi's comments on Zhang Fei and his deeds in the commentary to the three Kingdoms strengthen Zhang Feiyong's and righteousness, Li Xian's Corporal, simple and grumpy image character, and at the same time increase the criticism of Zhang Fei. The historical records of Sui and Tang dynasties fully affirmed Zhang Fei's virtue and martial arts, and took care of Zhang Fei's heroic image of respect for the virtuous. Tang poetry, while chanting Zhang Fei bravery, expressed more feelings about his tragic fate. The folk comedy and legend of this period enriched the extension of Zhang Fei's image by recording and deducing the stories of the three Kingdoms. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the orthodoxy of the three Kingdoms was discussed, and Zhang Fei was widely appreciated under the influence of "supporting Liu and opposing Cao". So far, the image of Zhang Fei has gained a relatively independent literary character. In the poems of Song and Yuan dynasties, the author shows his affirmation of Zhang Fei's heroism, and Zhang Fei becomes the real protagonist in "the Pingyu of the three Kingdoms". Different from before, the image of Zhang Fei has obviously changed in the following four aspects: heroism to divinity, tyranny to reckless interest, the appearance of the image of favoritism, and the desalination of the characteristics of wisdom and respect. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Luo Guanzhong completed the shaping of the literary image of Zhang Fei, shaped the rough external image of Zhang Fei, and beautified the image of Zhang Fei's loyalty, bravery and wit. Mao Zonggang praises Zhang Fei as a hero of loyalty and benevolence and a hero with both courage and intelligence by modifying the text and adding comments, which highlights his impetuous and rash character and makes the characters shrouded in a strong comedy color.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.413

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