论张枣诗歌中的消极主体

发布时间：2018-08-04 17:15

【摘要】：基于对宇宙人生的参悟和受特定历史现实的制约,以"消极"为特征的主体始终不曾缺席于二十世纪以来的诗歌书写,文学现代性的表达便是在对主体失语症与精神分裂的艰难抵抗中进行。所谓消极主体是指处于"主体—客体"的单向关系,并生成于空白、人格分裂、孤独、矛盾、噩梦、失语等消极元素之中的主体。这种"消极主体"落实到诗歌文本,便显现为分裂、多层次的"抒情主体"。张枣直视生存中的消极因素,努力建构一种与内心、自然、宇宙平等交流的对话方式,从而使得抒情主体走向"主体—主体"的双向关系之中,在诗歌表达的范围内实现对主体消极性的突围与升华。张枣诗歌中主体的消极性主要表现为三个层面:其一是"流亡",他将流浪于故国与异乡之间的人生命运视作"母语的流亡",试图寻找朝向个体内在的、语言意义上的理想世界,但最终发现远方仍是一个虚假之地。其二是"空白",从诸神隐匿后的价值失序到当代消解崇高与语言游戏背后的集体失语症,书写空白对于张枣来说,就是书写现代诗人的本质性处境。其三是"矛盾",张枣一生都对生存抱有一种矛盾心态,他以"矛盾修辞"的方式呈现唯美情境中潜藏的暴力性内容,从而直面生存中不可消解的悖论与消极。为了抵抗以上主体存在的消极状态,张枣极力在诗歌中设置新的对话者——"他者",将他者作为构建主体、修复自我形象的要素。在宏观层面上,他者指诗人所吸收和运用的中西方诗歌艺术精华,通过"化古"与"化欧"的手法,诗歌文本与这种"宏观他者"形成具有互文意义的"大型对话"。在微观层面上,他者指诗中抒情主体的各种交流对象,包括亲友、某个诗人、自我形象的虚拟或拆分、参与主体建构的不同角色,抒情主体与这种"微观他者"形成朝向知音和内心裂变的"微型对话"。正是通过主体与他者的对话结构,张枣得以克服生存中无处不在的失语与孤独,进而修补处于流亡、空白、暴力等消极处境中被损害的主体形象。张枣依托从不彻底绝望的人生哲学,实现诗歌中主体消极性的升华。他用"甜"所包涵的柔润、轻盈、透明、清凉、宁静,调和现实困境中因流亡、失语、矛盾所引发的宿命感,将死亡的沉重置换成温柔的比喻,从而将抒情主体的消极品质升华为赞美式的哀歌。他通过多重梦境、"迷宫"、精微的"小"来表现内在空间的无限与永恒,以此应对外部世界的麻木与空洞;从日常生活的小物件里提炼浪漫诗意,用制作美食的技艺之美象征诗歌言说的悖论,最终寻找到主体栖身的安宁之所。张枣构建消极主体的过程主要体现出两种诗学观念:一是"元诗"观,他从诗歌语言本体出发,关注诗歌的创作过程;借鉴现代诗歌艺术,把握中国当代诗歌的"汉语性";二是历史意识,他认为"传统"是一个动态的建构过程,诗歌应该深入挖掘传统背后所隐含的历史与当下、未来之间的微妙关系,从而穿过时空的重重屏障。
[Abstract]:Based on the understanding of life in the universe and the restriction of the specific historical reality, the subject of "negative" has never been absent from the writing of poetry since twentieth Century. The expression of the modernity of literature is carried out in the difficult resistance to the subject of aphasia and schizophrenia. The so-called negative subject refers to the unidirectional customs of "subject object". It is the main body of the negative elements such as blank, personality, loneliness, loneliness, contradiction, nightmares, and aphasia. This "negative subject" is implemented into the text of poetry and is manifested as split and multi-level "lyric subject". Zhang jujube looks at the negative factors in survival and tries to build a dialogue with the inner, nature, and the universe on an equal basis, so as to make an equal communication with the heart, nature and the universe. The lyric subject is in the two-way relationship between the main body and the subject and realizes the breakthrough and sublimation of the negativity of the subject in the scope of the poetry expression. The negativity of the subject in the poetry of Zhang jujuan is mainly expressed in three aspects: one is "exile", and he regards his life as "the exile of the mother tongue" and tries to find the dynasty. To the ideal world in the sense of language, it is still a false place in the distance, but the second is a false place. The second is the "blank", from the hidden value of the gods to the collective aphasia behind the contemporary sublime and the language game, and writing blank for Zhang jujube is to write the essential situation of the modern poet. Zhang jujube has a contradictory attitude towards survival in his life. He presents the latent and violent content in the aesthetic situation by "contradictory rhetoric", thus directly facing the paradox and negativity that can not be eliminated in existence. In order to resist the negative state of the existence of the above subjects, Zhang jujube tries to set up a new interlocutor in the poem song, "the other" and the other. On the macro level, the other refers to the essence of Chinese and western poetic art absorbed and used by the poet. Through the "turn the ancient" and "transform Europe", the poetry text and this "macro other" form a "large" intertextual meaning. At the micro level, the other refers to the various kinds of communication of the lyric subject in the poem. The object, including the relatives and friends, a poet, the fictitious or disassembled self image, the different roles involved in the construction of the subject, the lyric subject and this "micro other" form a "micro dialogue" to the bosom and inner fission. It is through the dialogue structure of the subject and the other that Zhang can overcome the omnipresent aphasia and loneliness in existence and then repair it. The main body image of the negative situation in exile, blank, violence, etc.. Zhang jujube relies on the philosophy of never despairing life to realize the sublimation of the subjective negativity in poetry. He uses the soft, light, transparent, cool, tranquil and tranquil sense of "sweet" to reconcile the fatality caused by exile, aphasia and contradiction in the reality of the reality and the heavy death. By replacing it with a gentle metaphor, the negative quality of the lyric subject is promoted to the HUAWEI praises of the lament. Through multiple dreams, "mazes" and "small", he expresses the infinity and eternity of the inner space to cope with the numbness and void in the outer world; to extract romantic poetry from the small objects of daily life and to use the beauty of the art of making food There are two kinds of poetic ideas in the process of constructing negative subjects: one is "Yuan Poetry", he starts from the noumenon of poetry, pays attention to the creation process of poetry, and draws on modern poetry art to grasp the "Chinese character" of Chinese contemporary poetry, and two is historical consciousness, he It is considered that "tradition" is a dynamic process of construction, and poetry should dig into the subtle relationship between the history and the present and the future behind the tradition, so as to pass through the barrier of time and space.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.25

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