青海柴达木梭梭林国家级自然保护区景观保护与恢复研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 23:26

本文关键词：青海柴达木梭梭林国家级自然保护区景观保护与恢复研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青海柴达木梭梭林国家级自然保护区位于青海省柴达木盆地东部荒漠地区,是以高原荒漠生态系统为主要保护对象的荒漠生态系统类型自然保护区。近半个世纪以来,由于先天恶劣的自然条件,加之人口增加、资源过度利用,乱垦乱伐、滥牧等行为严重的破坏了柴达木梭梭林自然保护区生态系统平衡,导致了沙漠化面积的不断扩大和生态灾害的不断加强。使其生态系统出现严重退化的现象,直接影响到区域内生物的多样性和周边人民生产生活。随着人们生态保护意识的提高和各级政府对生态保护工作的重视。开展柴达木梭梭林自然保护区景观保护与恢复工作,有利于保护柴达木盆地荒漠生态系统的平衡并对促进社会经济的可持续发展起到积极作用。本文以景观生态学、恢复生态学和近自然林业理论为指导。通过对柴达木梭梭林自然保护区进行地形、地貌、植被、土壤、动植物资源及景观资源等方面的实地调查,采用实地调研、资料查询与整理和综合分析方法,对柴达木梭梭林自然保护区的退化特征及成因进行分析,进而研究其景观保护与恢复的方法及技术措施。研究主要内容如下：据实地调研分析,柴达木梭梭林自然保护区生态系统退化的特征主要表现在：(1)土地沙漠化严重；(2)土壤风蚀性严重；(3)生态系统的极度脆弱性,植物群落种类贫乏；(4)生物多样性受到威胁。柴达木梭梭林自然保护区景观保护与恢复的具体措施：(1)合理划分保护分区,将各个功能区细分为：核心区、缓冲区、实验区。按保护等级建设各功能区。(2)营建三级管理体系：管理局——管理分局——管护站,建设全方位、强有力、高效有序的自然保护管理网络。(3)创建保护区保护体系构建,包括野生动植物保护工程、巡护支道建设、森林防火工程、林业鼠害生物防控工程和加强宣传教育工作。(4)建立恢复体系构建,包括封沙育林、防护围栏建设和梭梭林种苗培育工程。(5)发展生态旅游,有效促进自然保护区生态环境保护与社区经济和谐发展。(6)创建社区共管制度,改善周边群众的生活水平,并对当地经济发展起到有效支持。
[Abstract]:The National Nature Reserve of Haloxylon ammodendron Forest in Qaidam, Qinghai Province is located in the desert area in the eastern part of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province. It is a nature reserve of desert ecosystem type which is mainly protected by the desert ecosystem of the plateau. In the past half century, due to the natural conditions of nature and the population increase, the resources have been overutilized. Indiscriminate cultivation and grazing seriously destroyed the ecosystem balance of Chaidamurium ammodendron forest nature reserve. This has led to the continuous expansion of desertification area and the continuous strengthening of ecological disasters, which has caused serious degradation of its ecosystem. It has a direct impact on the biodiversity of the region and the production and life of the surrounding people. With the improvement of people's ecological protection consciousness and the attention of the governments at all levels to the ecological protection work, landscape protection in the Chaidamurium Haloxylon Forest Nature Reserve has been carried out. With the resumption of work. It is beneficial to protect the balance of desert ecosystem in Qaidam Basin and play a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of social economy. Under the guidance of restoration ecology and the theory of near natural forestry, the topographic, geomorphological, vegetation, soil, animal and plant resources and landscape resources of Haloxylon ammodendron Forest Natural Reserve were investigated. The degradation characteristics and causes of the nature reserve of Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Chaidamurum were analyzed by field investigation, data query and comprehensive analysis. The main contents of the study are as follows: according to the field investigation and analysis. The main characteristics of ecosystem degradation in Haloxylon ammodendron Forest Nature Reserve of Chaidamurum were as follows: (1) serious desertification; (2) serious wind erosion; (3) extreme fragility of ecosystem and poor species of plant communities; The specific measures of landscape protection and restoration in Haloxylon ammodendron Forest Nature Reserve in Chaidamurum, China, are as follows: (1) reasonable division of conservation zones, subdividing each functional area into core area and buffer zone. Experimental area. According to the level of protection construction of each functional area. 2) the construction of a three-level management system: administration-management sub-bureau-management and protection station, the construction of all-round, powerful. A highly efficient and orderly nature conservation management network. (3) the establishment of conservation system, including wildlife protection project, branch road construction, forest fire prevention project. Forestry rodent pest control and biological control project and strengthen propaganda and education. 4) establish restoration system construction, including sand seal and forestry, protection fence construction and Haloxylon ammodendron forest seedling breeding project. 5) develop ecotourism. Effectively promote ecological environment protection and harmonious development of community economy in nature reserves.) establish community co-management system, improve the living standards of the surrounding people, and play an effective support to the local economic development.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S759.9

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