论莫拉维亚作品中的知识分子形象

发布时间：2018-01-11 04:31

本文关键词：论莫拉维亚作品中的知识分子形象　出处：《西北民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阿尔贝托·莫拉维亚(1907-1990)是当代意大利著名的文学家,从1925年发表处女成名作《冷漠的人》开始,一直笔耕不辍,在近多半个世纪的文学生涯中,他一直都在审视自己的生存环境,以及这个社会的变迁沉浮,并且在长篇小说的众多人物中,最具有代表性、也最能透视出他对社会现实和人们精神面貌的思考的也就是那些知识分子。从早期正处在成长中的知识青年到逐渐已成熟的知识分子,他笔下的知识分子形象日臻完善。本文重点选取了《冷漠的人》《罗马女人》《乔恰里亚女人》《鄙视》《注意》这五部作品详细分析其中的知识分子形象,探讨不同时期这些知识分子们不同的精神面貌,及作家在他们身上所反映的对不同时期社会问题的思考。本文首先从"知识分子"的词源入手,总结出其本源意义,即文化程度较高的人,批判时弊、反叛等则是"知识分子"的衍生之意,据此界定莫拉维亚作品中的知识分子人群是一些接受过良好教育,时刻审视社会现实的一群人,再依据以上所选作品中知识分子在面对各自生存处境的态度,将这些形象分为:反抗的先觉者、囿于世俗的自我迷失者和旁观—逃离的"文明人"三大类型。其次,分别具体分析这三种类型:反抗的先觉者,是一些青涩的大学生,他们不随波逐流,最先觉醒,并试图反抗现实社会中的虚假,从思想反叛过渡到行动上,再到思想与行动的结合,他们也在一步步反抗中成长;囿于世俗的自我迷失者,这类知识分子在物质潮流中因不能坚守理想和原则,出卖知识,而沦为了自我和物欲的奴隶;旁观一逃离的"文明人",隐喻了知识分子因找不到自我与现实的联系,面对违背伦理和道义之事,将自己封闭在艺术的世界中从而逃避责任和自责。最后,论述莫拉维亚塑造其笔下的知识分子形象的成因,主要在于作家在不同时期对社会问题的审视,这些知识分子大部分都不同程度地在现实中沉沦了,这些过于悲观的形象与作家本人的人生经历不无关系,与他在创作过程中深受影响的颓废主义、现实主义的文学观也紧密相连,大时代潮流中的知识分子群体的迷失与坚守也是其塑造人物的关键,这些知识分子形象的塑造也是作家本人对自我、知识分子的一种反思。
[Abstract]:Alberto Moravia 1907-1990) is a famous contemporary Italian writer who has been writing since 1925 when he published her famous virgin, the indifferent Man. In nearly half a century of literary career, he has been examining his living environment, as well as the vicissitudes of this society, and in the novels of many characters, the most representative. It is the intellectuals who can best see through his thinking about the social reality and the spiritual outlook of the people, from the young intellectuals who are growing up in the early stage to the intellectuals who are gradually mature. This paper focuses on the five works of "indifferent Man", "Roman woman", "Women of Giorcaria", "despising" and "attention", and analyzes the image of intellectuals in detail. This paper discusses the different spiritual features of these intellectuals in different periods, and the reflection of the writers on the social problems in different periods. Firstly, this paper starts with the etymology of "intellectuals". Summing up its original meaning, that is, the person with high education level, criticizing and cheating, revolting and so on are the derivation of "intellectuals", according to which the intellectuals in Moravia's works are some who have received good education. A group of people who constantly examine the social reality, and then according to the above selected works of intellectuals in the face of their own living situation attitude, these images are divided into: resistance of the first sense of the person. There are three types of "civilized people" who are confined to secular self-loss and bystand-escape. Secondly, the author analyzes the three types: those who resist first, those who are young and astringent, and they do not follow the current. First awakened, and tried to resist the reality of the false society, from ideological rebellion to action, and then to the combination of thought and action, they also in step by step against the growth; Confined to the secular self-lost, this kind of intellectuals in the material trend because they can not adhere to ideals and principles, sell knowledge, and become the slave of self and material desire; The "civilized person" who looks on and escapes is a metaphor for the intellectuals who cannot find the connection between themselves and the reality, facing the violation of ethics and morality, and closing themselves in the world of art so as to evade responsibility and self-reproach. Finally. This paper discusses the causes of Moravia's portraying the image of intellectuals in his works, mainly lies in the writer's examination of social problems in different periods. Most of these intellectuals have sunk in reality to varying degrees. These overly pessimistic images have something to do with the writer's own life experience, with his decadence deeply influenced in the process of his creation, and the realistic literary view is also closely linked. The loss and persistence of intellectuals in the trend of the great times is also the key to portray the characters, and the image of these intellectuals is also a reflection of the writers themselves and intellectuals.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I546.074

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