论卡夫卡创作中的孤独与反抗

发布时间：2018-01-11 06:10

本文关键词：论卡夫卡创作中的孤独与反抗　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弗兰茨·卡夫卡(Franz Kafka,1883-1924)是西方20世纪现代主义文学大师,他以细腻敏感的笔触深入各种人物的灵魂内核,凭借客观冷静的语言展示不同艺术形象的困境,淋漓尽致地揭示了现代人精神层面的遭遇,在全世界拥有众多读者。与此同时,其作品所体现的孤独与反抗主题,对我们如何处理与世界、人生、他人的关系深有启迪。而这种创作主题的出现,与卡夫卡在诸多生活领域中体验到孤独与反抗有密切联系。全文分为五个部分。绪论部分主要概述了卡夫卡创作中孤独与反抗主题的概念与关系,卡夫卡小说中的孤独既是人物实在的现实处境,又上升成一种精神层面的隔绝;个体为了实现自我追求、赢取自由意志、获得尊重与权利,在面对难以挣脱的孤独命运时,毅然采取行动,展现自我价值。孤独与反抗两个主题在卡夫卡小说中相互依存,成为不可分割的整体。孤独展示出无法逃脱的生存境遇,反抗彰显出个体崇高无畏的精神追求。此外,还概括了国内外关于卡夫卡的研究成果和现状,中西方学者从各种角度解读卡夫卡,为我们拓宽了研究视野。第一章探讨卡夫卡创作中的孤独主题,主要体现在四个方面。一是,权威压制下弱者的孤独,以《城堡》为例;二是,父子冲突下儿子的孤独,以《变形记》和《判决》为例;三是,被迫放逐下个体的孤独,以《美国》为例;四是,执著求索下艺术家的孤独,以《饥饿艺术家》和《约瑟芬,女歌手或耗子的民族》为例。通过对不同艺术形象的深层次分析探讨,挖掘产生孤独的本质因素,有助于准确把握孤独主题的内涵。卡夫卡借助诸多人物形象为我们展现不同的孤独境遇,以变化的孤独者角色涵盖现代人类普遍的精神遭遇,令读者产生强烈的情感共鸣。第二章探讨卡夫卡创作中的反抗主题,主要体现在四个方面。一是,弱者对权威的反抗;二是,“儿子们”对父亲的反抗;三是,个体对放逐的反抗;四是,艺术家对庸俗的反抗。其笔下的人物陷于孤独的泥泞难以脱身,却始终以清醒的思维分析周围环境,以决绝的行动反抗孤独命运。这种反抗不仅具备现实的行动意义,而且具有精神层面的不妥协性。其反抗主题传达出坚韧的人格精神,对当代人的生活姿态具备示范意义。第三章探讨卡夫卡创作中孤独与反抗主题之成因,分别从现代社会、父子关系、犹太身份和艺术追求四个方面进行论述。孤独与反抗主题的出现并非偶然,可以说是作家对自身的一种剖析,或者是其灵魂的写照。对于原因的深入探寻有助于加深读者关于孤独与反抗主题的理解,有利于我们走近卡夫卡独特的艺术与精神世界,学习其毅然抵抗困境,以及对世界充满热忱的生活态度。结语部分概括全文主要观点,再次强调本文论点。
[Abstract]:Franz Kafkaan (1883-1924) is a master of modernist literature in the West in 20th century. He has penetrated into the soul of all kinds of characters with delicate and sensitive brushwork. With the objective and calm language to display different artistic images of the plight of incisively and vividly revealed the spiritual experience of modern people in the world has a large number of readers at the same time. The theme of loneliness and resistance embodied in his works is enlightening to how we deal with the relationship between the world, life and others. It is closely related to Kafka's experience of loneliness and resistance in many fields of life. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly summarizes the concept and relationship of the theme of loneliness and resistance in Kafka's creation. The loneliness in Kafka's novels is not only the realistic situation of the characters, but also a kind of spiritual isolation. In order to achieve self-pursuit, to win free will, to obtain respect and rights, individuals in the face of the lonely fate difficult to break free, resolutely take action. The themes of self-worth, loneliness and resistance are interdependent in Kafka's novels and become an inseparable whole. Loneliness shows the inescapable living circumstances. Resistance shows the individual lofty spiritual pursuit. In addition, it also summarizes the domestic and foreign research on Kafka and the current situation, Chinese and Western scholars interpret Kafka from various angles. The first chapter discusses the theme of loneliness in Kafka's creation, which is mainly reflected in four aspects: first, the loneliness of the weak under authority suppression, taking Castle as an example; Secondly, the solitude of son under the conflict between father and son, take metamorphosis and judgment as examples; Third, the loneliness of being forced to banish the individual, taking America as an example; Fourth, persistent pursuit of the artist's loneliness, "Hunger artists" and "Josephine, female singers or rats of the nation" as an example, through the in-depth analysis of different artistic images. Excavating the essential factors of loneliness is helpful to grasp the connotation of lonely theme accurately. Kafka shows us different lonely situations with many characters. The role of the changing loner covers the general spiritual experience of modern human beings, which makes readers have a strong emotional resonance. The second chapter discusses the theme of resistance in Kafka's creation, which is mainly reflected in four aspects. The resistance of the weak to authority; Second, the "sons" of the father's resistance; Third, individual resistance to exile; The fourth is the artist's resistance to vulgarity. The characters in his works are trapped in the muddy solitude but always analyze the surrounding environment with sober thinking. The resistance not only has the realistic action significance, but also has the spiritual level intransigence. The resistance theme conveys the tenacious personality spirit. The third chapter discusses the causes of loneliness and resistance in Kafka's creation, respectively from the modern society, the relationship between father and son. The emergence of the theme of loneliness and resistance is not accidental, it can be said that the writer's analysis of his own. Or the portrayal of his soul. The in-depth exploration of the causes will help to deepen the reader's understanding of the theme of loneliness and resistance, and help us approach Kafka's unique artistic and spiritual world and learn how to resist the predicament resolutely. The conclusion summarizes the main points of the paper, and emphasizes the argument of this paper again.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I521.074

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