基于微地形营造的黄河三角洲退化滨海湿地修复模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 07:07

本文关键词：基于微地形营造的黄河三角洲退化滨海湿地修复模式研究　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：受气候变化、海陆相互作用以及人类活动影响,黄河三角洲滨海湿地退化问题日趋严重。本研究选择典型代表区域,分析其具体退化原因,探索植被覆盖和生态功能同步恢复的修复技术,以期为该区域的生态修复提供借鉴。主要研究结论如下:1.水分补给减少、降水分布不均以及岸线后移导致的潮汐影响减弱是研究区滨海湿地退化的主要因素,同时生境单一化使鸟类栖息功能严重削弱。设计生态工程施工方案,构建了基于微地形营造-水位控制的严重退化盐碱湿地生态修复技术,以实现水分的合理利用和补给,营造多样化生境。2.生态工程实施后,经过1年半的恢复,土壤含盐量明显下降,植被、水域面积均显著增加,裸地面积相应减少。枯水期水域面积增加6.3倍,占总面积的比例由2.1%提升至15.3%,微地形营造区植被总覆盖面积从27.4%上升到37.4%。无论在枯水期还是在丰水期,植被、水域和裸地比例均显著改善。3.底栖动物从无到有开始拓殖,已发现大型底栖动物14种。摇蚊为先锋种和群落优势种,环节动物、软体动物和鱼类也开始出现。自2015年7月至2017年4月,修复区栖息觅食鸟类共有10目21科74种,省级以上重点保护鸟类比例为29.7%。鸟类生态型完备,以游禽(52.1%)和涉禽(38.0%)为主要种群,攀禽、鸣禽和猛禽均有出现,候鸟(50.7%)和旅鸟(31.0%)占主要比例。与2015年同期相比,2016、2017年迁徙期鸟类种类及数量都明显增多,鸟类栖息地功能显著提升。4.比较黄河三角洲滨海湿地3种不同修复模式下的引鸟效果,微地形营造的生态修复模式,调查期的鸟类种类、数量和多样性明显高于以单纯围封-补充淡水模式形成的高植被覆盖区和无水位梯度生境改造模式形成的廊道改造区,更适合作为在该区域的生态修复模式。综合以上,微地形营造结合水位控制的生态修复模式具有更好的效果,可以兼顾景观效果、植被覆盖效果和鸟类栖息地生态功能的恢复,在目前黄河三角洲退化湿地的恢复中具有更好的实用及推广价值。
[Abstract]:The effects of climate change, sea land interaction and human activities, the degradation of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River delta is becoming a serious problem. The research on selection of typical region, analysis of the causes of degradation, explore the repair technology of vegetation and ecological function recovery, to provide a reference for ecological restoration in this region. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the water supply is reduced, the tidal effects of uneven distribution of precipitation and shoreline shift after lead to weakened is the main factor of coastal wetland degradation in the study area, at the same time the birds habitat single function severely weakened. The construction scheme of ecological engineering design, construction of the micro topography create severe alkali degraded wetland ecological restoration technology based on water level control, rational use in order to achieve water and supplies, creating diversified ecological habitat.2. after the implementation of the project, after 1 and a half years of restoration, the soil salt content decreased significantly, The vegetation and water area increased, bare land decreased. The dry season water area increased 6.3 times, accounting for the proportion of the total area increased from 2.1% to 15.3%, to create a micro topography vegetation covering a total area increased from 27.4% to 37.4%. in the dry season or vegetation in the wet season, water, and bare land ratio were significantly improved.3. began to colonize benthic animal from scratch, has found 14 kinds of benthic animal. Chironomid was a pioneer species and dominant species of animal, animal and fish, the software also began to appear. From July 2015 to April 2017, habitat restoration area feeding birds a total of 10 families and 21 orders of 74, above the provincial level key protected birds, birds ecotype ratio of 29.7%. to complete, Youqin (52.1%) and (38%) as the main species of wading birds, birds, songbirds and raptors have emerged, migratory birds (50.7%) and others (31%) accounted for the major proportion. Compared with the same period in 2015, 20162017 years The migration of species and the number of birds period increased, bird habitat features significantly enhance coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.4. compared 3 different repair mode attractingbirds effect, ecological restoration model of micro terrain construction, the investigation period of bird species, quantity and diversity was significantly higher than in simple enclosure - added fresh water formation mode high vegetation corridor transformation zone covered area and the formation of transformation mode of water level gradient habitat, more suitable for the ecological restoration in the region. Based on the above model, a combination of micro topography ecological restoration model of water level control has better effect, can take into account the landscape, vegetation recovery effect and ecological function of bird habitat at present, better in the the Yellow River delta wetland restoration in the practical and promotional value.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.4

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