南京市中学校园植物景观调研评价与优化改善

发布时间：2018-01-22 11:42

本文关键词： 中学校园植物景观植物组成科普教育 AHP评价法　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中学植物景观是塑造中学校园形象、体现校园整体实力以及提升在校师生学习生活品质的重要环境要素,也是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。当今中国城市化进程迅猛,教育理念不断发展创新,各地中学纷纷进行教学资源调整,掀起了校园撤并、改建、扩建,甚至新建的热潮,目前许多建设年代早的传统中学校园受到场地、经费等限制,植物景观难以满足教育教学需求和师生期待;而一些新建校园建设重硬质轻景观,缺乏科学合理的规划设计指导,植物景观雷同,缺乏校园精神。本文立足素质教育背景和中学校园规模扩大化趋势,结合中学校园现状和教育特点,分析总结了其植物景观的特殊需求,并以南京市为例,选取2000年前和2000年后建设的中学老校园、新校园各5所,通过对校园植物的实地调查,比较分析了新老校园各功能区植物景观的不同特色以及植物群落组成、乡土树种比例、树种应用频率及树种观赏特性和季相结构等;最后运用层次分析法(AHP)对南京市中学校园植物景观进行综合性评价,提出了相应的优化发展建议。主要研究结果如下:1、在校园不同功能区植物景观营造方面,南京市老校园绿化侧重点在教学区,体育运动区、文化休闲区绿化面积和质量层次不齐,且与教学区绿化相互重叠,而生活区绿化景观通常最为简单;新校园较为重视校前区、教学区、休闲文化区的植物景观效果,体育运动区和学生生活区的植物种类和绿化面积普遍高于老校园。2、南京市10所调研中学的校园绿化植物共有266种(含品种及变种),隶属于87科,184属,其中乔木101种,占38.0%;灌木75种,占28.2%;藤本14种,占5.3%;竹类及草本地被76种,占28.5%。其中木本植物共190种,占南京市常用绿化树种的29.8%,占有比例较小,而草本花卉和地被的应用更与南京市丰富的草本地被资源不相称。同时,一些常用植物出现的频度过大造成中学校园植物景观有一定的相似性,特别是新建校园的基础绿化植物选择和绿化形式雷同。3、南京市10所调研中学的校园植物景观综合评价值总体排序情况为第十三中学南师附中南外仙林分校金陵中学金陵河西分校南京外国语学校中华河西分校江宁高级中学第一中学南师附中江宁分校,老校园排名整体靠前。老校园在生态功能层面综合评分值较高,而新校园在视觉效果和人文教育方面更有优势和发展潜力。
[Abstract]:Plant landscape of middle school is an important environmental factor to shape the image of middle school campus, to reflect the overall strength of campus and to improve the quality of life of teachers and students. It is also an important part of urban landscape greening. Nowadays, with the rapid process of urbanization in China, the continuous development and innovation of educational concept, the adjustment of teaching resources has been carried out in various middle schools, and the campus has been withdrawn, rebuilt and expanded. Even the new upsurge, many of the early construction of the traditional middle school campus is limited by the site, funding and other constraints, plant landscape is difficult to meet the needs of education and teaching, teachers and students expect; Some new campus construction emphasis on hard light landscape, lack of scientific and reasonable planning and design guidance, plant landscape similarity, lack of campus spirit. This paper based on the background of quality education and secondary school campus scale expansion trend. Combined with the current situation and educational characteristics of the middle school campus, this paper analyzes and summarizes the special needs of its plant landscape, and taking Nanjing as an example, selects the old middle school campus which was built before 2000 and the new campus after 2000, 5 new campuses each. Through the field investigation of campus plants, this paper compared and analyzed the different characteristics of plant landscape and the composition of plant community and the proportion of native tree species in each functional area of new and old campus. Application frequency, ornamental characteristics and seasonal structure of tree species; Finally, the comprehensive evaluation of the plant landscape in Nanjing middle school campus is carried out by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the corresponding suggestions for optimization development are put forward. The main research results are as follows: 1. In different functional areas of campus plant landscape building, Nanjing old campus greening focus on teaching areas, sports areas, cultural and leisure areas greening area and quality levels are uneven, and overlapping with the teaching area greening. And the living area greening landscape is usually the simplest; The new campus pays more attention to the plant landscape effect of pre-school area, teaching area and leisure culture area, and the plant species and greening area of sports area and student living area are generally higher than that of old campus .2. There are 266 species of campus greening plants (including varieties and varieties, belonging to 184 genera and 87 families) in 10 middle schools of Nanjing, of which 101 species are Arbor species (38.0%). There are 75 species of shrubs, accounting for 28.2cm; There are 14 species of lianas, accounting for 5.3%; There are 76 species of bamboo and herbaceous land, accounting for 28.55.Of them, 190 species of woody plants, accounting for 29.8% of the commonly used greening trees in Nanjing, occupy a small proportion. And the application of herbaceous flowers and ground cover is not commensurate with the rich herbaceous land cover resources in Nanjing. At the same time, some common plants appear too frequently, resulting in the middle school campus plant landscape has certain similarity. In particular, the selection of basic greening plants and the form of greening are the same as those of the new campus. The overall ranking of the comprehensive evaluation value of campus plant landscape of 10 investigated middle schools in Nanjing City is: 13th Middle School South normal School attached to South West Forest, Jinling Middle School, Jinling Hexi Branch, Nanjing Foreign language School, China Hexi Branch, Jiangning High School. Grade 1 Middle School South normal School attached to Jiangning Branch of Middle School. The old campus ranks first as a whole. The old campus has a higher comprehensive score in the ecological function level, while the new campus has more advantages and development potential in visual effect and humanistic education.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.14

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