冀东铁矿矿山地质环境问题遥感信息提取方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 03:54

本文关键词： 矿山地质环境问题信息提取方法高分遥感影像 eCognition软件分割尺度　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国矿山开发导致的地质环境问题日益严峻。经历了传统的地面调查阶段,遥感技术已成为当今我国快速获取矿山开发状况、调查矿山地质环境问题和监管矿山有序开采的有效手段。以往矿山地质环境调查通常多依靠人机交互解译,耗时费力,虽精度高但效率低;或者使用单一的计算机提取技术,虽时效性强但某些提取要素精度偏低。本文选择我国典型的露天开采铁矿——冀东铁矿为研究区,针对该矿区突出的地质环境问题——地貌景观的破坏,基于矿山地质环境要素的特征,建立起一套快速提取的方法。论文选择2012、2013和2014年3期0.5米分辨率左右的高分遥感影像为数据源,综合运用面向对象的分类方法、阈值分割、植被覆盖度(VFC)和人机交互解译四种方法对冀东露天开采矿区地质环境要素进行信息提取,并定量分析了该时段矿山地质环境的变化。论文取得了如下认识和进展:1.针对矿区主要地质环境问题,分析了不同要素的光谱、纹理、几何特征、分布范围和规模,并建立了相应的有效的方法,具体如下:1)使用面向对象的分类方法对露天采坑、排土场进行提取;2)使用阈值分割方法对尾矿库进行提取;3)使用人机交互解译对中转场地、矿山建筑、恢复治理区进行提取;4)使用植被覆盖度(VFC)提取研究区植被覆盖度;2.基于e Cognition软件和ESP插件,分析了高分辨率遥感影像在采用面向对象信息提取时涉及的最优尺度划分、影像对象的描述规则集,构建了最优分割尺度及对应规则集,分类结果的提取精度验证了该方案的可行性;3、通过在研究区开展2012-2014年信息提取,完成了研究区三年矿山地质环境变化监测分析,得出矿山地质环境逐年改善。本文是基于环境要素的特征来建立有效方法的探索,经验证提取精度达到90%以上。
[Abstract]:Mine environmental problems lead to the development of China's increasingly serious. Through the stage of traditional ground survey, remote sensing technology has become a rapid acquisition of mining situation in our country, the effective means of investigation of mine geological environment problems and monitoring the mine orderly exploitation. Previous mine geological environment survey usually rely on interactive interpretation, although time-consuming. High precision but low efficiency; or the use of a single computer extraction technology, although the timeliness of some elements extraction precision is low. This paper chooses typical of China's iron ore mining - Jidong iron mine as the research area, according to the geological environmental problems in the coal mining areas, landscape destruction, characteristics of mine geological environment factors based on to establish a rapid extraction method. The 20122013 and 2014 3 0.5 meter resolution about high-resolution remote sensing images as the data source, comprehensive transport Using object oriented classification method, threshold segmentation, vegetation coverage (VFC) and human-computer interaction of Jidong open-pit mining area geological environment factors to extract information from the interpretation of four kinds of methods, and quantitative analysis of the change of mine geological environment in this period of time. The results as follows: 1. for the progress and main problems of geological environment in mining area. The different elements of the spectrum, texture analysis, geometric characteristics, distribution scope and scale, and established the corresponding effective methods as follows: 1) using object-oriented classification method of the open pit, waste dump for extraction; 2) using threshold segmentation method of tailings extraction; 3) interaction the interpretation of transit venues, mine construction using a computer, control area extraction recovery; 4) using vegetation coverage (VFC) study on the extraction of vegetation coverage; 2. based on e Cognition software and ESP plug-ins, analysis of the high resolution remote sensing image As in the optimal scale relates to the object-oriented information extraction of the image object description rules, construct the optimal segmentation scale and the corresponding set of rules extraction accuracy of classification results verify the feasibility of the program; 3, through the development of 2012-2014 information extraction in the study area, completed the study area monitoring and analysis of changes of mine the geological environment for three years, the mine geological environment is improved year by year. This paper is based on the characteristics of environmental factors to explore the effective method of establishing the validated extraction accuracy reached more than 90%.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD167;X87

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