病腐伤损古树加固填充技术现状研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 12:02

本文关键词： 病腐伤损古树古树修复古树加固树洞填补　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古树名木是人类现有的鲜活的化石,是目前珍稀的林木资源,既是宝贵的自然资源也是鲜活的历史文物。但在较长的生长时间内,古树名木大都遭受到了不同程度的自然与人为破坏,如何更好的加强病腐伤损古树的保护与修复是我们当前亟需探索的问题。而作为病腐伤损古树复壮技术中的关键环节,加固与填充技术的发展与应用一直倍受关注。本文在对北京全市、陕西省中北部以及山西省中部等地区病腐伤损古树现有修复技术调查研究的基础上,针对国内现有病腐伤损古树修复技术中最重要的加固与填充环节进行归类分析,并对国内现有加固与填充技术进行了系统评价。当前国内病腐伤损古树的支撑技术相较上世纪90年代有了长足的进步与发展,调查的17家园林单位,59棵古树名木,均不同程度存在着枝干扭曲、断裂甚至倒伏的现象。其中,47棵古树名木都进行了不同类型的支撑修复,主要技术有斜式、立式支撑以及艺术支撑等。根据这些病腐伤损古树的生长环境、腐损情况以及所属园林单位的拥有资源,其中使用简易斜式支撑的占78.67%,使用立式以及艺术支撑的占19.21%,使用活体支撑等新型技术的占2.12%。在调查中发现,随着新型材料的发展与进步,当前国内病腐伤损古树的填充技术相较支撑技术有着更加巨大的发展,调查的59棵古树也都不同程度的存在着枝干中空的现象。对于国内古树树洞填充修复技术所存在的两个派系,其中主张树洞进行填充修复的代表技术有:水泥、砖石修补法,环氧树脂树皮发泡剂填充法、树干重塑法等,而主张树洞不填充修复技术的代表有:木板对接法、补干法、二丁酯封干法等。经调研,国内病腐伤损古树加固与填充技术研究与应用领域还存在着几个问题:使用范围相对狭窄、科技含量普遍较低、发展动力严重不足、新技术创新性较差。对目前存在的问题进行分析讨论,笔者认为在支撑技术方面:虽然当前主要应用技术的科学含量较低,但该领域整体发展良好,领域内机遇与挑战并存。并且随着各级政府与社会整体对古树名木修复保护的重视程度的不断加强,拥有众多创新潜力的病腐伤损古树支撑领域将会有更加长足的发展。在古树填充修复技术发面:虽然业内对古树树洞的填补技术还有这较大的分歧,但随着新型材料科学的发展,该领域科研技术人员应更加注重对各类新型填补材料的尝试,并逐步统一填补技术标准,保证病腐伤损古树的生长与复壮。
[Abstract]:The ancient and famous trees are the living fossils of human being and the rare forest resources at present. They are not only precious natural resources but also fresh historical relics. But in the long growing time. Most of the ancient trees and famous trees have suffered natural and man-made damage to varying degrees. How to better strengthen the protection and restoration of diseased and damaged ancient trees is a problem we need to explore at present, and as a key link in the restoration technology of diseased and damaged ancient trees. The development and application of reinforcement and filling technology has been paid more attention. Based on the investigation and research on the existing restoration techniques of ancient trees in Beijing, central and northern Shaanxi and central Shanxi Province, etc. In this paper, the most important links of strengthening and filling in the restoration technology of ancient trees are classified and analyzed. And the existing strengthening and filling techniques in China were systematically evaluated. At present, the supporting technology of ancient trees with disease, rot and injury in China has made great progress and development compared with -10s, and 17 garden units have been investigated. 59 ancient and famous trees all have twisting, breaking and even falling of branches to varying degrees. Among them, 47 old and famous trees have been repaired with different types of support, and the main techniques are oblique. Vertical support and artistic support. According to the growth environment of these diseases, decay and damage, as well as the owned resources of the garden units, 78.67% of them use simple oblique support. The use of vertical and artistic support accounted for 19.21, the use of living support and other new technologies accounted for 2.12. in the survey found, with the development and progress of new materials. At present, the filling technology of ancient trees with disease, rot and injury in China has a great development compared with the supporting technology. The 59 ancient trees investigated also have the phenomenon of hollow branches to varying degrees. For the domestic ancient tree hole filling and restoration technology there are two factions. Among them, the representative techniques of tree hole filling and restoration are cement, masonry repair method, epoxy resin bark foaming agent filling method, trunk remolding method and so on. And the representative of the tree hole do not fill repair technology are: board docking method, dry method, dibutyl ester dry sealing method, etc. After investigation. There are still several problems in the research and application field of ancient tree reinforcement and filling: the scope of use is relatively narrow, the scientific and technological content is generally low, and the development power is seriously insufficient. The innovation of the new technology is poor. This paper analyzes and discusses the existing problems. The author thinks that in the aspect of supporting technology: although the scientific content of the main applied technology is low, the overall development of this field is good. Opportunities and challenges coexist in the field. And with the government at all levels and society as a whole, the importance of restoration and protection of ancient and famous trees has been strengthened. With a lot of innovation potential, the field of diseased and damaged ancient trees will develop more rapidly. In the field of ancient tree filling and restoration technology, although there is still a big gap in the field of ancient tree hole filling technology. However, with the development of new material science, researchers in this field should pay more attention to the attempt of all kinds of new filling materials, and gradually unify the filling technical standard to ensure the growth and rejuvenation of the old trees.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S788

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