沈北新区非耕作生境景观异质性研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 04:51

本文关键词： 景观异质性移动窗口法尺度效应非耕作生境　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：非耕作生境是对农田生态系统当中树篱、坑塘、河流水面等自然半自然生境的统称。非耕作生境镶嵌于农田生态系统当中,关于其异质性的研究可以为农田景观合理布局和土地整治提供一定的借鉴意义。本文以沈北新区的农业区为研究区,在GIS的技术支持下,对研究区景观进行分类,并分别从破碎化、多样性、镶嵌化以及距离指数四个方面建立景观异质性指体系;然后,综合应用景观指数粒度效应分析法和面积信息守恒评价法得出研究适宜的分析粒度,应用半方差函数得出研究的最佳分析幅度;最后,运用景观格局指数法得出农田景观的异质性水平,综合运用移动窗口法和景观格局指数法得出非耕作生境景观异质性水平及空间可视化特征,并对农田景观异质性和非耕作生境景观异质性之间的关系进行研究。在25m大小的分析粒度、725m大小的分析幅度的基础上,得到以下研究结论:(1)在景观水平上,农田景观的破碎化程度较大,多样性程度相对较高,镶嵌化程度略低,距离指数较大,异质化程度处于相对较高水平。在类型水平上,耕地为景观基底;坑塘水面、沟渠、河流水面的破碎化程度相对较高,而水库水面的破碎化程度相对较小;灌木林地和裸地的镶嵌化程度相对较好,而耕地的镶嵌度较差;灌木林地和裸地的距离指数相对较大,而水库水面的距离指数较小。(2)在景观水平上,非耕作生境的破碎化程度较大,多样性程度较高,镶嵌化程度相对较高,距离指数较大,其异质化程度处于较高水平。在类型水平上,水工建筑用地为优势非耕作生境景观类型;坑塘水面和沟渠的破碎化程度较大,而灌木林地和裸地的破碎化程度较小;灌木林地和裸地的镶嵌度较好,而水库水面的镶嵌度较差;灌木林地和裸地的距离指数较大,而内陆滩涂的距离指数较小。在空间分布上,异质性较高的非耕作生境景观类型为:沟渠、河流水面、内陆滩涂等,而灌木林地、裸地以及水库水面的景观异质性较低。(3)非耕作生境的景观异质性水平与农田景观异质性水平呈正相关关系。其中,非耕作生境的破碎化程度以及多样性水平与农田景观的破碎化程度与多样性水平呈现出显著正相关关系,非耕作生境的镶嵌化程度和景观距离指数与农田景观的镶嵌化程度和景观距离指数呈相关关系。
[Abstract]:Non farming pond habitat is on farmland ecological system, referred to as hedges, river water natural and semi natural habitat. Non farming habitat embedded in farmland ecosystem, research about its heterogeneity can provide certain reference for the farmland landscape layout and land remediation. This paper takes Shenbei New Area agricultural area as the study area and with the technical support of GIS, the classification of the landscape in the study area, and from the fragmentation, diversity, four aspects of mosaic and distance of landscape heterogeneity refers to the establishment of an index system; then, the comprehensive application of landscape index analysis of size effect of suitable particle size analysis method and area information conservation evaluation method, the optimal amplitude analysis conclusions application of semi variance function; finally, using landscape pattern index method to get the level of heterogeneity of farmland landscape, using moving window method and landscape pattern refers to The number of non tillage method of habitat landscape heterogeneity and spatial level visual features, and to study the relationship between farmland landscape heterogeneity and non tillage habitat landscape heterogeneity. In the analysis of particle size of 25m size, the size of the 725m amplitude analysis based on the following conclusions: (1) at the landscape level. The farmland landscape fragmentation degree is high, the diversity degree is relatively high, with slightly lower degree, distance index is larger, the degree of heterogeneity at a relatively high level. At the class level, the cultivated land landscape base; pond ditch, river water, the fragmentation degree is relatively high, and the degree of fragmentation of reservoir water is relatively small; mosaic the degree of shrub land and bare land is relatively good, poor mosaic of cultivated land; shrub land and bare land distance index is relatively large, and the reservoir surface distance index (2) in the landscape is small. The level of non tillage, fragmentation of habitats is large, high diversity, with a relatively high degree, distance index is larger, the degree of heterogeneity at a high level. At the class level, construction land farming habitat landscape advantage; pond water surface and ditch the fragmentation of large shrubs forest and bare land fragmentation degree is smaller; shrub land and bare land with good and poor reservoir water, mosaic; shrub land and bare ground distance index is larger, while the inland beach distance index is smaller. The spatial distribution of landscape types, non tillage habitat heterogeneity was high for the ditch, river, inland tidal flat, and shrub land, bare land and landscape heterogeneity of reservoir water is low. (3) non farming landscape heterogeneity level and farmland landscape heterogeneity is positively relationship between habitat. Among them, non The fragmentation of habitat fragmentation and diversity cultivation level and farmland landscape diversity and showing a significant positive correlation between non tillage habitat mosaic degree distance index and landscape and farmland landscape mosaic degree and landscape distance index showed a correlation.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S181

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