冀北山地杨桦次生林林下色木槭更新特征及复壮技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 08:02

本文选题：杨桦次生林　切入点：色木槭　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：色木槭属珍贵阔叶树种,有极高的生态与景观价值,并具有较高的经济价值。色木槭在次生林中经常与其他树种相伴而生,是冀北山地典型森林类型—杨桦次生林的重要组成树种。杨桦次生林在冀北山地分布广泛,但其存在着林分结构简单、林相残破、更新不良等特征。色木槭属耐阴树种,在林下具有较大的更新潜力,在森林结构调整与近自然更新中具有重要作用,但由于生长周期较长,经济效益慢等因素影响,在森林经营中未受到足够重视。因此,杨桦次生林林下色木槭更新特征及幼苗幼树的经营技术研究,可为杨桦次生林的林分结构调整与林下的近自然可持续经营提供理论支撑。本文以杨桦次生林林下色木槭为研究对象,在河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局下属桃山林场设置两块100m×100m标准地,在分析杨桦次生林的林分结构基础上,采用点格局分析方法,对包括色木槭的更新状况、幼苗幼树的空间分布格局及大树与其他树种的空间关联性进行研究,并针对色木槭幼苗幼树损伤严重的情况,提出了以截干为主的复壮技术。主要研究结果如下:1、杨桦次生林林分结构特征林分树种组成为8桦1棘1杨+砾,桦树直径分布接近正态分布,山杨为双峰山状分布。依据树高分布,该林分可以分为明显的上下两层,层次较为简单。林分组成树种桦树、山杨和色木槭,均呈现聚集分布,其他树种在小尺度聚集分布,大尺度呈现随机分布,桦树与色木槭的最大聚集强度较小,桦树、山杨、其他树种对色木槭具有显著正关联作用,最大关联强度桦树2.41山杨2.35其他树种0.7。2、色木槭各高度级空间结构将色木槭按高度分为四级,分别为幼苗、幼树、中树和大树。在所研究的空间尺度范围内,幼苗、幼树、和中树均呈现聚集分布;大树在小尺度上呈聚集分布,大尺度上呈随机分布。幼苗分别与幼树、大树正关联,和中树无关联;幼树分别和中树、大树显著正关联;中树和大树正关联。最大聚集强度幼树5.71大树3.76中树3.59幼苗2.69。3、色木槭高度级与其他树种空间结构在所研究的空间尺度范围内,桦树和幼苗、中树无关联,桦树和幼树、大树正关联。山杨和幼苗在小尺度负关联,在大尺度正关联,和幼树负关联,和中树无关联,和大树在小尺度上正关联,在大尺度上无关联。其他树种和幼苗在小尺度无关联,在大尺度正关联,和幼树、中树负关联,与大树在小尺度正关联,在大尺度无关联。4、色木槭受干扰后的损伤表现为使杨桦次生林朝着健康有序的方向发展,营林过程中通常会采取适当的抚育间伐措施。经过抚育间伐,色木槭发生损伤率为98.27%,损伤类型发生频数依次表现为压弯干梢破皮折干=虫害无损伤,压弯、干梢和破皮为主要受损类型。损伤程度表现为极严重损伤。未间伐标准地中,色木槭发生损伤率为70.25%,损伤类型发生频数依次表现为无损伤压弯破皮干梢=虫害折干,幼苗压弯受损为主要损伤类型。损伤程度表现为轻微损伤。5、幼苗幼树的复壮技术针对与色木槭在林下损伤严重、干型不良的情况,制定了包括截干、留萌、割灌、除草等的复壮技术,通过萌苗的三年生长观测表明,截干后的萌苗数为6,3年的平均基径为7mm,平均高为1.3m。在对不同截干地径的萌苗数、萌苗基径、萌苗高进行方差分析的基础上,确定了最为适合的截干地径为2-3cm。最佳留萌数目为1株,辅以除草、割灌技术将有利于色木槭生长。
[Abstract]:Acer is a precious hardwood species, ecological and landscape of high value and high economic value. Acer in the secondary forest and other species often accompanied, is an important tree species in northern Hebei mountain typical forest types - Poplar birch secondary. Secondary forest widely distributed in Hebei Province, but its existence a forest stand has the advantages of simple structure, broken, poor regeneration characteristics. Acer is shade tolerant, has great potential to update in the understory, forest plays an important role in structural adjustment and near natural renewal, but because of the long growth cycle, slow and other factors affecting economic benefits, has not received enough attention in forest management. Therefore, study on management technology of Acer mono seedlings and young trees of poplar birch secondary forest, which can provide theoretical support for the adjustment of the secondary forest and forest stand structure under the near natural sustainable management. The poplar birch secondary forests Acer as the research object, in the Mulan Wei Chang under the State-owned Forest Management Bureau of Hebei Province set up two 100m * Taoshan Forest Farm 100m standard, the stand structure based on the analysis of secondary poplar birch forest, using point pattern analysis method, to update status including Acer, study the spatial Association of space the distribution pattern of trees and seedlings and other species, and serious damage in Acer mono seedlings, proposed to stem pruning technique. The main results are as follows: 1 points, structure of tree species composition of 8 birch 1 spines 1 Yang + gravel poplar birch secondary forest, birch diameter distribution close to normal distribution, Aspen Shuangfeng mountain shape distribution. Based on the distribution of tree height, the forest can be divided into the two layers, the level is relatively simple. Tree species of birch, Aspen and maple, are now gathered distribution, Other species in the small scale aggregation distribution, large scale showed a random distribution of birch and Acer mono maximum aggregation intensity is small, birch, Aspen, other species have significant positive correlation effect on Acer, maximum intensity between 2.35 other species 0.7.2 2.41 birch Aspen, Acer each height class space structure will be divided according to the height of Acer mono four, respectively, seedlings, saplings and trees and big trees. In the spatial scale of the scope of the study, seedlings, saplings, and trees showed aggregated distribution; the tree is aggregated at small scale, large scale was random distribution. Seedlings and young trees were trees, and trees in a positive association no association; and tree tree saplings respectively, significantly positive correlation; trees and big trees are related. The maximum aggregation intensity in 3.76 trees and 3.59 saplings of 5.71 tree seedlings 2.69.3, Acer mono level and other species in the spatial structure of spatial scale Wai, and birch seedlings, no correlation between tree and sapling trees, birch, and Aspen seedlings. Positive correlation in small scale negative correlation in large scale positive correlation and negative association and tree saplings, no correlation, and trees in the small scale positive association, no correlation between other trees in large scale. No association and seedlings in small scale, the large scale positive association, and young trees, trees and trees in negative correlation in small scale positive association, no association of.4 in large scale, the damage of acermono after disturbance to Yang Hua secondary forest towards the healthy and orderly development, management process usually take appropriate thinning measures. After thinning, the damage rate of 98.27% occurred Acer, the type of injury occurrence frequency of the sequence were bending stem shoots break the skin dry = pest damage, bending, breaking and shoot dry skin as the main damage type. The damage degree is very serious damage. No thinning standard Well, the injury rate was 70.25% place Acer, the type of injury occurrence frequency of the sequence were no damage to bending broken skin stem tip = dry seedling pests, bending damage as the main type of injury. The injury degree of.5 showed a slight injury, seedlings rejuvenation technology for Acer in the forest with serious injury, dry bad the situation developed including the cut stem, leave brush, adorable, rejuvenation technology weeding, seedling growth by adorable three years observation showed that the stem cutting after adorable seedlings number 6,3 years average base diameter was 7mm, the average height is 1.3m. in the different cutting stem diameter were adorable, adorable seedling diameter, seedling height was adorable based on variance analysis to determine the most suitable stem cutting diameter is 2-3cm. the best stay adorable number of 1 strains, supplemented by weeding, brush technology will be beneficial to the growth of Acer mono.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5

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