博斯腾湖湖滨湿地植物群落多样性分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 14:14

本文选题：斑块　切入点：植物群落　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖,是开都河—孔雀河流域水系的天然调节水库,既是开都河的尾闾,又是孔雀河源头。湖滨湿地植被在涵养水源、促淤造地、缓解污染、维持生态平衡和生物多样性等方面具有十分重要的作用,是湖泊天然的保护屏障和重要的组成部分。以博斯腾湖湖滨湿地为研究区,依托群落生态学、景观生态学及地统计学的相关理论与方法,以博斯腾湖湖滨湿地植被为研究对象,对湖滨湿地中自然形成的斑块内的植物群落物种多样性进行调查,分析博斯腾湖湖滨湿地植物群落多样性分布特征,揭示湖滨湿地植物群落多样性特点与主要土壤环境因子的关系。研究结果表明:28个自然植被斑块内共记录到维管植物53种,隶属于22科47属。芦苇(Phragmites australis Subsp.awstralis)、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.)、胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)、长苞香蒲(Typha angustata Bory.et Chaub.)等是该区常见的建群植物,对干旱区湿地的生态有一定的指示作用。斑块内丰富度指数(R)与斑块面积(r=0.729,p0.001)和周长(r=0.654,p0.001)极显著相关,与形状指数相关不显著(r=-0.239,p=0.22);丰富度指数(Ma)与斑块面积(r=0.734,p0.001)和周长(r=0.643,p0.001)极显著相关,与形状指数相关不显著(r=-0.249,p=0.201)。受到一定人为干扰的植物群落物种丰富度指数(R)、Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)都是大斑块中斑块小斑块,其中大斑块植物多样性占有重要地位。应用双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)对群落进行分类,采用除趋势对应分析(DCA)、典范对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)等方法对群落进行排序,博斯腾湖湖滨湿地所调查植被主要分为7个群丛,分别为长苞香蒲群丛(Ass.Typha angustata)、芦苇+长苞香蒲群丛(Ass.Phragmites australis+Typha angustata)、芦苇+水烛群丛(Ass.Phragmites australis+Typha angustifolia)、多枝柽柳-芦苇群丛(Ass.Tamarix ramosissima-Phragmites australis)、胡杨-多枝柽柳群丛(Ass.Populus euphratica-Tamarix ramosissima)、旱柳-多枝柽柳群丛(Ass.Salix matsudana-Tamarix ramosissima)和多枝柽柳群丛(Ass.Tamarix ramosissima),它们分布于湖滨浅水带、湖滨沼泽带、湖岸乔灌林带和旱生灌丛带。TWINSPAN分类产生的结果与DCA排序图能很好地契合。通过植物物种多样性与土壤环境因子的CCA排序和RDA分析,结果表明:决定湖滨湿地植物群落空间分布的13个土壤环境因子(土壤含水量SWC、土壤总含盐量TDS、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-、Na++K+、全磷TP、p H、全钾TK、全氮TN、HCO3-、有机质SOM、Ca2+)的大小关系为SWCTDSMg2+SO42-Cl-Na++K+TPp HTKTNHCO3-SOMCa2+;影响植物物种多样性特征的土壤环境因子的重要性排序依次为SWCTPHCO3-p HCl-Na++K+Mg2+SO42-TDSCa2+TK。综合来看,各土壤环境因子对物种多样性特征影响的贡献有差异,关键的土壤环境因子是土壤含水量,其次是土壤全磷和土壤总含盐量。
[Abstract]:Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China. It is a natural reservoir for regulating the water system of the Kaidu-Kongque River basin. It is both the end of the Kaidu River and the source of the Kongque River. The wetland vegetation along the lake is conserving water sources, promoting the deposition of land, and alleviating pollution. The maintenance of ecological balance and biodiversity plays a very important role in the protection of lakes, which is a natural barrier and an important part of the lake. Taking Lake Bosten Lake Wetland as the study area, relying on community ecology, The related theories and methods of landscape ecology and geostatistics were used to investigate the species diversity of plant communities in the natural patches of lakeside wetland in Bosten Lake. The distribution characteristics of plant community diversity in lakeside wetland of Bosten Lake were analyzed, and the relationship between the diversity characteristics of wetland plant community and the main soil environmental factors was revealed. The results showed that 53 species of vascular plants were recorded in 28 natural vegetation patches. Phragmites australis subsp. awstralis. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Populus euphratica Oliv., Typha angustata Bory.et Chaub.) are the common flora in this area. The abundance index (R) was significantly correlated with the patch area (r = 0.729p 0.001) and the circumference area (r = 0.654p 0.001), but had no significant correlation with the shape index (r = -0.239p ~ (0.22)); the richness index (Maa) was significantly correlated with the patch area (n = 0.734p 0.001) and Zhouchang (r = 0.643p 0.001), but not with the shape index (r = -0.239p ~ (0.22)), and the richness index (Maa) was significantly correlated with the patch area (n = 0.734p 0.001) and Zhouchang (r = 0.643p0.001), respectively. There was no significant correlation between the shape index and the shape index. The species richness index of plant community, Rhizoma Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index, which were affected by some human disturbance, were small patches in large patches. The bidirectional indicator species analysis method TWINSPAN was used to classify the communities, and the methods such as DCAA, CCAA and RDAs were used to sort the communities, including the trend mapping analysis (DCAA), the canonical correspondence analysis (CCAA) and the redundancy analysis (RDAA), among them, the bidirectional indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) was used to classify the communities. The vegetation investigated by the Lake Shore Wetland of Bosten Lake is divided into 7 groups. Ass.Typha angustata, Ass.Phragmites australis Typha Typha, Ass.Phragmites australis Typha angustifolia, Tamarix ramosissima-Phragmites australisa, Populus euphratica-Tamarix ramosissimaa, Ass.Salix matsudana-Tamarix. Ramosissima) and Ass.Tamarix ramosissimaa, which are distributed in the shallow lakeshore zone, The results of classification of shoreline swamp zone, arbor shrub forest belt and xerophytic shrub belt. TWINSPAN were well matched with DCA sequence map. CCA sequencing and RDA analysis of plant species diversity and soil environmental factors were carried out. The results showed that the relationship of 13 soil environmental factors (soil water content, total salt content of TDS mg _ 2 so _ 4 _ 4 ~ (2 -) Cl-Na _ (Na)), total phosphorus (TP) p H, total potassium (K), total nitrogen (TNH _ (HCO _ 3), organic matter (SWCTDSMg2) Ca ~ (2 2)) was SWCTDSMg2 SO42-Cl-Na K TPp HTKTNHCO3-SOMCa2, which determined the spatial distribution of plant communities in lakeside wetland. The order of importance of soil environmental factors affecting plant species diversity was SWCTPHCO3-p HCl-Na K Mg2 SO42-TDSCa2 TK. The key factors of soil environment are soil water content, soil total phosphorus and total salt content.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948

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