基于SBE法的海珠湿地水景植物景观美景度评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 22:37

  本文选题：海珠湿地　切入点：水景植物景观　出处：《仲恺农业工程学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市湿地公园是一个城市重要的生态核心,而水景植物景观是一个湿地区域的主要自然景观,如何通过水景植物景观规划使湿地水景景观充分表现,是湿地公园景观营造的关键。水景景观既要满足景观要求,又要得到游客的肯定,了解评价水景景观表现的方法的应用也是湿地公园景观建设中的重要部分。本文以海珠湿地绿心湖景区和周边花溪景区为例,通过运用SBE法结合实地调研的问卷,对海珠湿地内部水景植物景观进行评价,筛选出美景度较高的水景植物垂直结构、研究分析水景植物景观中的各项景观因子及不同评价主体对景观评价的差异,建立水景植物景观的数据模型,探讨海珠湿地中水景植物景观尚存在的缺陷以及相应的提升措施,为今后海珠湿地的进一步建设提供文献参考。主要结果如下:(1)在2016年10月至12月,对海珠湿地公园绿心湖景区及周边花溪景区进行关于水景植物景观的现场调研问卷,问卷参与者40人,获得有效问卷34份,最终分析问卷得到有6名参与者提出关于植物季节性的问题、8名参与者提出色彩单一的问题、7名参与者提出景观中缺乏动态生机,3名参与者提到景观内植被混乱的现象。问卷调研中的数据表明,目前海珠湿地水景植物景观中存在最大的景观性问题就是人工痕迹过重。(2)通过对SBE值的统计分析发现乔灌草型植物结构的SBE平均值为0.117、乔灌型植物结构的SBE平均值为-0.213、乔草型植物结构的SBE平均值为-0.187、灌草型植物结构SBE标准值为0.093,其中乔灌草型植物结构的数值最高,说明是最受参与者欢迎的垂直植物群落。SBE标准值为1.09的的样方58,是所有样方中数值最高的,其植物垂直结构是以乔灌草比例为3:3:1的红鞘水竹芋+朱蕉+大叶鹤望兰+鸡蛋花+喜树的岸际植物景观群落,可以在景区内增加中树种组成的水景植物群落来增加景观美感度。(3)对不同的水景景观区域的研究中分析发现,水岸植物景观的SBE标准值为0.085、岸际植物景观的SBE标准值为-0.02、水面植物景观美景度标准值为-0.001,其中的数值差别不大,说明参与者对观赏区域的不同并没有太大的影响。(4)通过SPSS进行的各类景观因子的分析显示景观因子中植物的野趣程因子的sig值达到了0.006、空间结构因子的sig值为0.026、植物栽植方式的sig值为0.068、层片结构的sig值为0.059、树种组成数量为负相关因子,sig值为0.062,sig值即是显著度的含义,而sig值越小表示该因子的影响越显著,因此结果表明对于湿地水景植物景观中影响参与者视觉感受最大的是植物的野趣因子。(5)对景观因子的分析之后结果表明,获得影响海珠湿地水景植物景观较大的景观因子是树种组成数量(X1)、空间结构(X2)、植物栽植方式(X3)、层片结构(X4)、野趣程度(X5)和美景度值Y,结合自身的标准系数,组成的数据模型为:Y=-1.2-0.134X1+0.092 X2+0.047 X3+0.083 X4+0.13 X5。根据模型可以看出:从树种组成来看,树种的数量越多,美景度值反而越低;从空间结构来看,空间结构越丰富,美景度值越高;从植物栽植方式来看,在植物栽植时使用常用例如孤植、列植、对植等栽植方式,美景度越高;从层片结构来看,景观中层片结构特征越明显,其景观美景度值越高;从野趣因子来看,水景植物景观中的生态特征越明显,其美景度值越高。(6)针对海珠湿地水景植物景观中存在的人工痕迹严重、植物层次单调、四季景观不协调、动态景观缺失等问题,结合了实地调研和数据分析提出来了一系列的优化改造建议:引进乡土树种以减弱湿地景观的人工氛围;积极营造空间变化力强的植物群落来丰富植物空间结构;增加秋冬季相植物,使景观四季皆有景可赏;控制外来植物数量,增加引鸟树种,引入动态景观,使整体水景植物空间活泼起来。
[Abstract]:City Wetland Park is a city ecological core, waterscape plant landscape is the main natural landscape of a wetland area, how to make waterscape landscape planning of wetland landscape waterscape is the key to the full performance of the park landscape, waterscape landscape wetlands. To meet the requirements of landscape, and the visitors certainly understand some methods to evaluate the performance and the application of waterscape wetland park landscape construction. Taking Haizhu wetland Green Heart Lake Scenic Area and surrounding scenic areas of Huaxi as an example, by using SBE method combining with the investigation questionnaire, to evaluate the internal features of Haizhu wetland plant landscape, screened the vertical structure of aquatic plants with high degree of beauty. Analysis of differences in the plant landscape in the waterscape landscape factors and different evaluation subjects of landscape evaluation, the data model of aquatic plant landscape, study Defects of waterscape landscape plants in Haizhu wetland is and the corresponding improvement measures, to provide reference for further development in the future of Haizhu wetland. The main results are as follows: (1) from October 2016 to December, field survey questionnaire on the Green Heart Lake Wetland Park in Haizhu area and the surrounding scenic spot in Huaxi on aquatic plant landscape, survey participants 40 people, 34 valid questionnaires were obtained. The final analysis of the questionnaire by 6 participants on the plant seasonal problem, 8 participants put forward the problem of a single color, 7 participants made landscape in the lack of dynamic vitality, 3 participants mentioned the phenomenon of chaos. The vegetation landscape in the questionnaire survey data show that at present Haizhu wetland plant landscape waterscape problems in the landscape is the biggest artificial trace too heavy. (2) based on the statistical analysis found that the SBE value of Qiaoguan grass type plants structure SBE The mean of 0.117, Joe irrigation plant structure SBE average value is -0.213, Joe grass type plant structure SBE average value is -0.187, shrub and grass plant structure of the SBE standard value is 0.093, the structure of plant grass and shrub type is the highest value, most participants welcome vertical plant communities.SBE standard value 1.09 of the 58 plots, is the highest value in all plots, the vertical structure of the plant is the ratio of shore grass and shrub plant landscape community of 3:3:1 red water + Al + leaf sheath arrowroot + egg + flower Strelitzia Camptotheca acuminata, can increase the water plant community species in the area to increase the beauty of the landscape. (3) the analysis of findings in different areas of the water landscape, waterfront plant landscape of the SBE standard value is 0.085, waterfront plant landscape SBE standard value is -0.02, the water plant landscape beauty standard value is -0.001, the numerical difference 澶，

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