盐城市道路网络对景观格局的影响和累积效应分析

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:33

本文选题：道路网络　切入点：道路叠加　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：道路发展速度随着全球经济的快速发展也越来越快。但是道路网络的快速发展和扩张给环境造成了不可避免的损害。道路会影响周围的生态系统,造成生态服务价值下降、景观破碎化、生态流受阻、栖息地质量下降以及生态累积效应等问题。随着道路网络密度的增加,道路网给道路沿线的景观造成巨人的影响。随着道路的建设和运营对周围环境造成生态累积,道路引起的环境问题和地球系统本身生态交感的全球化趋势,它慢慢成为了一个全球性的问题。因此运用生态学知识和景观生态学原理来理解、探索和解决道路网络对周边生态环境造成的问题是十分必要的。本文以盐城市近十年来景观生态变化为研究对象,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对盐城市道路网络对景观产生的影响进行了系统分析。结合景观生态学方法、生境评价方法、生态系统服务功能与价值评价方法等相关原理,利用GIS的空间分析功能和Fragstats的景观格局分析功能,通过生态系统功能偏离累积指数(FCI)、景观结构干扰累积指数(CLDI)、植被退化累积指数(VCI)构建生态累积效应模型(ECEI),分析不同道路网络对盐城市带来的累积生态影响。研究表明：(1)十年来,盐城市耕地面积减小了76919.83公顷,有8635.84公顷转变为湿地,110147.33公顷转变为建设用地。建设用地是盐城市第二大景观生态类型,十年来增加了117278.00公顷,其中主要来源是耕地,其次是湿地。湿地作为盐城市重要保护类型,减少了39930.80公顷,主要转变为耕地和建设用地。(2)道路网络密度与景观破碎度、结构分维度和景观分离度均存在显著相关性关系,其中道路密度与破碎度指数、分离度指数呈极显著正相关关系,说明当道路网络密度增大时,生态景观破碎度与生态系统斑块分离度也随之显著增大；道路密度与分维度指数呈极显著负相关关系,当道路网络密度增大后,分维度显著减小。从不同生态系统来看,道路网密度与林地、湿地、耕地、建设用地和裸地生态系统的景观破碎度、分维度和分离度之间呈极显著相关性关系。道路网密度与草地分离度呈显著正相关关系,与破碎度和分维数没有相关性。(3)林地、湿地和耕地在道路网累积下累积指数均为正值,这些生态系统在道路网络影响下不仅面积在减小,而且不断遭受着越来越大的累积影响,尤其以三级公路和四级公路对生态系统造成的影响为最。道路网络越密集,给生态系统带来的负面累积效应也越强,因此道路应避开受保护的生态系统,避免保护植被受累积影响作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the speed of road development is also getting faster and faster.However, the rapid development and expansion of road network has caused inevitable damage to the environment.The road will affect the surrounding ecosystem, resulting in the decline of the value of ecological services, landscape fragmentation, ecological flow obstruction, habitat quality decline and ecological accumulation effect and so on.With the increase of the density of road network, the landscape along the road will be affected by the road network.With the construction and operation of roads causing ecological accumulation in the surrounding environment, the environmental problems caused by roads and the global trend of ecological interaction between the earth system itself, it has gradually become a global problem.Therefore, it is necessary to use ecological knowledge and landscape ecology to understand, explore and solve the problems caused by road network to the surrounding ecological environment.In this paper, the landscape ecological changes in Yancheng in recent ten years are studied. The impact of road network on landscape in Yancheng is analyzed systematically by using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology.Combining the related principles of landscape ecology method, habitat evaluation method, ecosystem service function and value evaluation method, the spatial analysis function of GIS and the landscape pattern analysis function of Fragstats are used.The ecological accumulation effect model was constructed by ecosystem function deviation accumulation index (FCII), landscape structure disturbance accumulation index (CLDIA) and vegetation degradation accumulation index (VCI). The cumulative ecological impact of different road networks on salt city was analyzed.The study shows that in the past ten years, the cultivated land area in Yancheng City has decreased by 76919.83 hectares, and 8635.84 hectares have been converted into wetland land (110, 147.33 hectares) for construction purposes.Construction land is the second largest landscape ecological type in Yancheng City, with an increase of 117278.00 hectares in the past ten years, of which the main source is cultivated land, followed by wetland.As an important type of protection in Yancheng City, wetland has reduced 39930.80 hectares, mainly transformed into cultivated land and construction land.) the density of road network is significantly correlated with landscape fragmentation, and there is a significant correlation between structural dimension and landscape separation degree.The correlation between road density and fragmentation index and separation index is very significant, which indicates that when road network density increases, ecological landscape fragmentation degree and ecosystem patch separation degree also increase significantly with the increase of road network density.The correlation between road density and dimensionality index is extremely significant, and when the density of road network increases, the fractal dimension decreases significantly.According to different ecosystems, the density of road network was significantly correlated with the landscape fragmentation degree of forest land, wetland, cultivated land, construction land and bare land ecosystem.There was a significant positive correlation between the density of road network and the degree of grassland separation, but no correlation with fragmentation and fractal dimension. The accumulation index of wetland and cultivated land was positive under the accumulation of road network.Under the influence of road network, these ecosystems are not only decreasing in area, but also suffering from more and more cumulative impacts, especially for the third and fourth grade roads.The denser the road network, the stronger the negative accumulative effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, the road should avoid the protected ecosystem and protect vegetation from the cumulative effect.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

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