北京五环内不同类型城市森林树种组成结构十年变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 07:34

本文选题：北京　切入点：五环内　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究通过对北京市五环内18处公园、23处居住区、34处专属单位、174条道路与7条水岸林树种组成结构的调查,对比分析了2006年至2016年间城区不同类型城市森林主要树种的应用数量、使用频度、覆盖度和重要值等指标的变化情况,总结了不同类型城市森林的树种组成结构的变化特征,提出了不同类型的城市森林的改造提升的建议。主要结论如下:1.从2006年到2016年间,各类型城市森林的树种组成结构均发生了一定变化,但不同类型研究区域的变化差异不同,其中居住区、专属单位的变化较大,而公园、道路与水岸林带的变化相对较小。2.从居住区树种组成结构的变化来看,居住区整体绿化状况明显改善,林木密度、树种种类均显著增加,树种结构更加合理亲民,毛白杨、臭椿、侧柏等植源性致敏树种或生长适应性较差的树种数量逐渐减少,而香椿、银杏、悬铃木、西府海棠等群众喜爱的树种日益增加,国槐、白蜡、圆柏、毛白杨、悬铃木、香椿成为目前居住区重要值最高的骨干树种。但是居住区绿量并未得到有效提升,整体覆盖度下降了4.73%,绿量空间不能满足民生需求,立地环境条件依然较差。3.从专属单位区树种组成结构的变化来看,专属单位整体绿化状况改善比较显著,林木密度、种类均明显增加,分别增至十年前的1.19倍、1.53倍。数量最多的20种主要树种的种类变化较大,黄栌、栾树、榆叶梅、碧桃、核桃等观赏树种逐渐替代了长势较差的侧柏、加杨、柿树、旱柳、龙柏、臭椿,并成为专属单位区新的主要树种,而国槐、毛白杨、圆柏、银杏、雪松、油松则依旧是专属单位内重要值最高的骨干树种。另外,大树截干现象较十年前增加了27.81%,而新植树种以小规格的景观树为主,专属单为区整体绿化覆盖度下降4.15%,后期绿量增加潜力较大。4.从公园树种组成结构的变化来看,整体上未发生大的变化,树木密度、频度、种类、乔灌木比例几乎与十年前保持一致。但主要树种种类发生了一定的变动,十年前作为主要树种的侧柏、连翘、黄刺玫、迎春被臭椿、玉兰、旱柳、碧桃所替代,国槐、绦柳、毛白杨、圆柏、油松、海棠成为目前公园内重要值最高的骨干树种。另外,公园的整体绿量较十年前有所提升,整体覆盖度增加了3.78%,但目前仍有部分公园树种配置手法相对单一,森林美景度较低。5.从道路与水岸林带树种组成结构的变化来看,整体变化程度较小,树木密度、种类、乔灌木比例也几乎与十年前相同,仅有44条道路部分区段发生小范围的树种更换现象。主要树种种类变化不大,国槐、毛白杨、银杏、悬铃木、栾树是目前道路与水岸林带重要值最高的骨干树种,碧桃、核桃、玉兰替代了侧柏、雪松、青桐,成为新的主要树种。另外,行道树的截干现象最为严重,比十年前增加了30.48%,且树种结构单一,常用树种仅为10余种,数量分布不均,道路形成以国槐为主,其他几种树种为辅的组成模式,水岸林带则形成以绦柳为主,其他树种点缀的组成结构模式。6.近10年,北京五环内城市森林还处在树种频繁变化的阶段,尤其是居住区与专属单位内,大量高大乔木被截干或遭到砍伐,林木立地条件较差,整体绿化不高,且植物配置模式仍较单一。在目前城市绿化面积有限的情况下,建议适当补植高大阔叶乔木树种,合理利用灌、腾、草形成复层结构,加强林木养护管理和林下地表环境的改善,综合增强城市森林生态效益和植物景观层次,形成良好的城市生态环境。
[Abstract]:Based on the study of Beijing within the Fifth Ring 18 parks, 23 residential area, 34 exclusive units, 174 roads and 7 Shuian forest tree species composition investigation, comparative analysis of the number of applications, from 2006 to 2016 different types of urban city trees using frequency, coverage and important changes the value index, summarizes the different types of city forest tree species composition structure, put forward the transformation of city forest types in improving suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. from 2006 to 2016, consisting of various types of city forest species structure were changed, but the difference of different types of study area different, including residential, change of exclusive units is large, and the change of road and the waterfront park, the forest is relatively small.2. from the residential area of tree species structure changes, the overall greening of residential area Conditions have markedly improved, tree density, tree species increased, species structure more reasonable people, Populus tomentosa, Ailanthus altissima, Platycladus orientalis and source sensitization species or growth adaptability of tree species decreased gradually, and Toona sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, sycamore, Malus micromalus the favorite species growing, Sophora japonica, wax juniper, poplar, sycamore, become the important value of residential area of Chinese toon tree backbone. But the highest volume of residential green did not improve, the overall coverage decreased by 4.73%, the amount of green space can not meet the needs of the people's livelihood, site conditions are still in poor.3. from species composition changes, the exclusive unit area, the overall greening the status of exclusive units to improve significantly, tree density, species increased significantly, increased 1.19 times, ten years ago were 1.53 times. The largest number of 20 main tree species varied greatly, l., Koelreuteria, flowering plum, peach, walnut and other ornamental tree species gradually replaced the poor growth of poplar, Platycladus orientalis, persimmon, Salix, cypress, Ailanthus altissima, and become the main tree species, new and exclusive units of Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, Sabina chinensis, Ginkgo biloba, cedar, pine is still the exclusive units within the highest value of important backbone species. In addition, the tree cut stem increased by 27.81% is ten years ago, and the new planting trees to the small size of the landscape tree, exclusive single coverage area as a whole is decreased by 4.15%, increase the amount of potential late green.4. structure changes from the park trees, big change, not the overall density of trees the frequency, type, shrub proportion is almost consistent with ten years ago. But the main tree species occurred some changes, as the main tree species of Platycladus orientalis, ten years ago, forsythia, green spring being Ailanthus altissima, Magnolia, Salix, Prunus persica replaced, Sophora japonica,. Willow, poplar, pine, juniper, Begonia park has become the important backbone of the highest value species. In addition, the overall amount of green park has improved compared to ten years ago, the overall coverage increased by 3.78%, but there are still some tree species configuration is relatively simple, low degree of forest beauty.5. structure changes from the road and the waterfront forest tree species, the overall degree of change is small, density of trees, shrub species, the proportion of almost ten years ago with the same replacement, only 44 road sections have a small range of species. The main phenomenon of species change little, Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, ginkgo biloba, sycamore, Koelreuteria is currently forest road and the important value of waterfront backbone species, the highest peach, walnut, Magnolia instead of Platycladus orientalis, cedar, green Tong, become the main species of trees. In addition, the stem cutting phenomenon is most serious, 30.48% more than ten years ago, and the tree A single structure, commonly used species is only more than 10, the number of the uneven distribution of the road formed by the main composition of Sophora japonica, supplemented by several other species, is formed in the willow forest waterfront,.6. structure model of other species with nearly 10 years, Beijing city is still in the five forest species frequent change stage in particular, residential area and exclusive unit, a large number of tall trees were cut dry or felled trees to poor site conditions, the overall greening is not high, and the plant configuration mode is still single. At present the city greening area is limited, to recommend appropriate planting tall broad-leaved tree species, the rational use of irrigation, Teng, grass the formation of complex structure, improve the surface environment conservation and management of forest and forest, city comprehensive enhancement of forest ecological benefit and plant landscape level, the city formed a good ecological environment.

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731

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