元上都遗址生态环境变迁及其启示

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:22

本文选题：元上都　切入点：生态环境变迁　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文利用历史文献考证与实地调查的方法,从人类社会活动与自然地理环境的关系出发,研究元上都生态环境变迁过程,旨在揭示人类活动对生态环境的影响以及正确认识人类生产活动与自然之间的关系,为元上都生态环境建设和可持续发展提供相关的历史借鉴和理论依据。主要研究结果如下：(1)15世纪初至19世纪末,在逐渐冷干化的气候控制下,元上都遗址地区植被生长受到影响甚至退化,生态环境逐渐恶化。从20世纪初期开始一百多年来,该地区气候总体呈暖干化趋势,造成了元上都遗址地区草地退化、耕地沙化,沼泽、湿地向盐碱地、裸地转化等恶果。元上都遗址区域从疏林草原景观向典型草原景观演化的过程中,气候变化是导致其生态景观变迁的主要因素。(2)历史战争作为人类活动,不仅焚毁了城池还破坏了元上都地区生态环境。政策制度对生态环境具有重要的影响,从清朝中后期的“开荒养民”、“移民实边”,到中华民国政府制定的“开荒蒙地”,再到新中国成立后的“以粮为纲”、“集中放牧”、“定居化”等一系列政策是导致元上都地区从草原景观变迁为农牧交错景观的主导因素。现旅游开发,水库开发、工矿业开发等人类活动仍影响着元上都遗址地区的生态环境。(3)元上都遗址内植物生长茂盛,共有野生种子植物344种,隶属于179属,53科,良好的植被状况防止遗址内土地沙化和水土流失,增强其生态环境的稳定性。同时遗址城墙也基本被植物所覆盖,这对遗址墙体具有双重作用,根系发达的乔木和灌木容易导致墙面的裂隙发育,具有一定的破坏作用；而低矮的草本植物浅层根系的固土作用减小了雨水对遗址的冲刷破坏,对遗址起到了一定的保护作用。(4)传统游牧文化是一种使元上都遗址生态环境保持稳定的力量。生态环境的变迁也包含着传统文化的变迁。传统文化的流失与该地区生态环境变迁有着必然的关系。
[Abstract]:Based on the methods of textual research and field investigation of historical documents, this paper, based on the relationship between human social activities and natural geographical environment, studies the changing process of ecological environment in Yuan Shangdu.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of human activities on ecological environment and to correctly understand the relationship between human production activities and nature in order to provide historical reference and theoretical basis for the construction and sustainable development of ecological environment in Yuan-Shangdu.The main results are as follows: from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of the 19th century, under the control of the gradually cold and dry climate, the vegetation growth in the site of Yuan Shangdu was affected or even degraded, and the ecological environment deteriorated gradually.Since the beginning of the 20th century, the climate in this area has been warm and dry, resulting in grassland degradation, cultivated land desertification, swamp, wetland conversion to saline-alkali land and bare land in the early 20th century.In the course of the evolution from sparse grassland landscape to typical grassland landscape, climate change is the main factor leading to the change of ecological landscape in the area of Yuan Shangdu site, and the historical war is regarded as human activity.Not only incinerated the city, but also destroyed the ecological environment in the area of Yuanshangdu.The policy system has an important impact on the ecological environment, ranging from the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the "famine raising", "emigration to the real border," to the "exploitation of wasteland" formulated by the government of the Republic of China, and to the "grain as the outline" after the founding of New China.A series of policies, such as "centralized grazing" and "settlement", are the leading factors leading to the transition from grassland landscape to agri-pastoral interlaced landscape in Yuan Shangdu area.Human activities such as tourism development, reservoir development, and industrial and mining development still affect the ecological environment in the area of the site of Yuanshangdu.) there are 344 species of wild seed plants belonging to 179 genera and 53 families in the site.Good vegetation condition can prevent land desertification and soil erosion and enhance the stability of ecological environment.At the same time, the site wall is also basically covered by plants, which has a dual role on the site wall, the root system developed trees and shrubs are easy to lead to the development of wall cracks, with a certain destruction;However, the low herbaceous shallow root system can reduce Rain Water's erosion and destruction of the site, and play a protective role to the site.) the traditional nomadic culture is a kind of power to keep the ecological environment of Yuan Shangdu ruins stable.The change of ecological environment also contains the change of traditional culture.There is an inevitable relationship between the loss of traditional culture and the change of ecological environment in this area.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.1

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