城市生态系统指数的理论研究与网络优化

发布时间：2018-04-14 21:22

本文选题：城市生态系统 + 景观指数动态化　；参考：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市生态系统涉及众多方面,其中绿化指标可以衡量城市绿地系统的优劣,景观格局指数能从绿地系统格局上描述其好坏差异,而自然子系统、社会子系统、经济子系统共同构成了城市生态的网络。本文通过绿化指标分析了我国城市园林绿化水平及存在的问题,以相对聚集度指数为例研究了景观格局指数的动态化,对城市生态网络模型结构进行了优化和调整。本文首先对我国各省主要城市建成区绿化效率平均水平、城市绿地服务人口、环境保护建设、城市绿地景观格局指数情况进行了综合考察。研究表明:(1)临海省份城市绿化效率基本在平均水平以上,西南地区省份城市普遍低于平均水平。(2)国内主要城市绿地服务人口过载情况较为严重,平均过载比达46.9%,石家庄、上海等城市情况最为严重。(3)南北方城市在均匀度指数和Shannon多样性指数上体现为两类不同的绿地景观格局。其次,为了能够动态描述生态过程,具体以相对聚集度指数为例,针对当前景观指数的静态特性进行了动态化过程的探讨。研究表明:(1)相对聚集度指数从本质上讲,与相邻生态系统共同边界长度和其控制点有关。景观格局的变化体现为控制点坐标的变化。(2)相邻斑块边界控制点水平坐标的变化在实质上反映了相邻斑块的水平扩展。在确定了密度变化率、主要扩散植被的总量和扩散系数后,得出聚集度指数随水平扩散的变化。垂直方向上控制点坐标函数采用季节性时间序列模型进行描述。(3)为了说明聚集度指数动态化带来的影响,以虚拟的景观结构为例进行了过程仿真,并给出了斑块拓展过程中聚集度及共同边界长度的变化。实际计算表明,这样处理指数的动态化,方法可行通用。最后,将城市生态系统整体看作是一个网络,以再循环测度值为衡量指标,对城市生态网络模型结构进行了优化方法研究。研究表明:(1)测定二线、三线城市生态网再循环测度值都偏小,针对重要网络节点,对二线、三线城市生态网络模型各提出6种渐进式的优化方案,最终确定二线城市生态网络(2)3M模型方案最优,三线城市生态网络(3)1M模型方案最优。(2)各类城市整体构成的生态网络的再循环测度值明显偏大,以标准化回归系数为参考,对17条冗余映射关系进行删减使模型网络结构达到最优。
[Abstract]:Urban ecosystem involves many aspects, among which the greening index can measure the advantages and disadvantages of urban green space system, the landscape pattern index can describe the difference from the pattern of green space system, and the natural subsystem, social subsystem, and so on.The economic subsystem constitutes the network of urban ecology.This paper analyzes the level and existing problems of urban landscape greening in China through the greening index. Taking the relative aggregation index as an example, the dynamics of landscape pattern index is studied, and the structure of urban ecological network model is optimized and adjusted.In this paper, the average level of greening efficiency, the service population of urban green space, the construction of environmental protection and the landscape pattern index of urban green space are investigated.The study shows that the urban greening efficiency of the coastal provinces is above the average level, and that of the southwest provinces is generally lower than the average level. 2) the overloading of the population in the main cities of China is serious, and the average overload of Prida is 46.9, Shijiazhuang.Shanghai and other cities have the most serious situation.) the cities in the south and north have two different green landscape patterns in evenness index and Shannon diversity index.Secondly, in order to describe the ecological process dynamically, taking the relative aggregation index as an example, this paper discusses the dynamic process of the static characteristics of the current landscape index.The results show that the relative aggregation index is essentially related to the common boundary length and control points of adjacent ecosystems.The change of landscape pattern is reflected in the change of control point coordinate. (2) the change of horizontal coordinate of adjacent patch boundary control point reflects the horizontal expansion of adjacent patch in essence.After the change rate of density, the total amount and diffusion coefficient of main diffusive vegetation were determined, the change of aggregation index with horizontal diffusion was obtained.Vertical control point coordinate function is described by seasonal time series model. In order to illustrate the effect of dynamic aggregation index, the virtual landscape structure is taken as an example to simulate the process.The variation of aggregation and common boundary length during patch expansion is also given.The practical calculation shows that the method is feasible and universal.Finally, the urban ecosystem as a whole is regarded as a network, and the optimization method of the urban ecological network model structure is studied based on the value of recycling measurement.The study shows that the measurement value of the recycling of urban ecological network in the third line and the second line is small. For the important network nodes, six kinds of progressive optimization schemes are proposed for each of the second and third line urban ecological network models.Finally, it is determined that the second line urban ecological network is optimal, and the third line city ecological network model scheme is optimal. (2) the recycling measurement value of the ecological network composed of all kinds of cities is obviously on the high side, and the standardized regression coefficient is taken as a reference.By deleting 17 redundant mapping relationships, the network structure of the model is optimized.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171

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