滇东南普者黑峰林湖盆土地利用变化的水文响应

发布时间：2018-04-24 13:48

本文选题：普者黑峰林湖盆 + 土地利用变化　；参考：《云南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：滇东南普者黑峰林湖盆地处云贵高原的南端,是一个相对封闭的断陷湖盆,为一典型的湿润岩溶流域;近半个世纪来气候变化尤其是土地利用变化对当地水文水资源产生了一定影响。本文通过分析普者黑峰林湖盆区气候和土地利用的变化特点,建立基于湖盆汇水区的半分布式水文模型模拟径流变化,探讨土地利用变化尤其是森林植被覆盖变化过程中水文水资源的变化趋势,在一定程度上揭示森林植被覆盖变化对岩溶水源涵养结构功能层水分存储调蓄功能的影响。研究结果为:1气候变化利用线性回归、Mann-kendall秩次相关检验等方法对研究区气象资料进行统计分析,了解到研究区近56年来年平均气温总体上呈上升趋势、年降雨量量总体呈减少趋势、年蒸发量总体呈减少趋势。2土地利用变化统计分析研究区土地利用类型转移矩阵和转移概率矩阵,了解到普者黑峰林湖盆区1990年的主要景观类型为裸地,占总面积的34.25%;2000年和2010年主要景观类型依然为裸地,其次为旱地和林地;2014年主要景观类型转变成林地,其次景观类型为裸地和旱地。从1990年到2014年,研究区建设用地、林地呈增加趋势,旱地、水体、水田呈波动变化趋势,裸地呈减少趋势。3半分布式水文模型本文基于普者黑峰林湖盆建立半分布式水文模型。模型按水域、水田、林地、旱地、裸地、建设用地六种土地利用/覆盖类型进行产流计算,通过子流域、地表河道以及地下管道进行汇流计算。模型在率定期和验证期都取得了较好效果:率定期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数E值为0.80,年总径流量的相对误差为-5.80%;验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数E值为0.79,年总径流量的相对误差为-14.27%。4土地利用变化的水文响应(1)普者黑峰林湖盆区径流量从4月开始逐渐增加,7月或8月后开始逐渐减少;径流量在6月上升明显,多在7月或8月达到峰值,从10月开始径流量下降明显,多在3月或4月达到最低值;在雨季径流量较大,旱季径流量较小。(2)普者黑峰林湖盆区月径流量在很大程度上与当月降雨量相关联,但径流量峰值并不一定出现在降雨量达到峰值的月份,径流量最低值也并不一定出现在降雨量最小的月份。研究区径流增加趋势滞后于降雨量增加趋势,径流减少趋势与降雨量减少趋势基本同步。(3)植被恢复后,研究区径流峰值有所减小,并滞后于降雨峰值;雨季由于降雨量较大,森林植被的水源涵养功能被弱化;旱季,植被恢复能减缓径流的衰减。植被恢复总体上能增加研究区的产流量,表现出“削峰补枯”的特点。(4)在降雨条件相同时,极端裸地的产流量要高于极端林地;两种的不同的土地利用情景下,雨季径流变化率要高于旱季径流变化率,即水文响应在雨季要强于旱季。
[Abstract]:The Puerhefenglin lake basin in southeastern Yunnan Province is located at the southern end of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and is a relatively closed faulted lake basin, which is a typical humid karst basin. Climate change, especially land use change, has influenced local hydrology and water resources in the past half century. In this paper, a semi-distributed hydrological model based on lake basin catchment is established to simulate runoff change by analyzing the characteristics of climate and land use change in Puerhefenglin Lake Basin. The change trend of hydrology and water resources in the process of land use change, especially forest vegetation cover change is discussed, and the influence of forest vegetation cover change on water storage and storage function of karst water conservation structure functional layer is revealed to a certain extent. The results show that the meteorological data in the study area are statistically analyzed by using the linear regression Mann-kendall rank correlation test. The results show that the average air temperature in the recent 56 years in the study area is on the whole rising. The amount of annual rainfall is decreasing, and the annual evaporation is decreasing. 2 the land use type transfer matrix and the transfer probability matrix in the statistical analysis of land use change. It was learned that the main landscape types in the Puerhefeng Lake Basin area in 1990 were bare land, accounting for 34.25% of the total area; in 2000 and 2010, the main landscape types remained bare land, followed by dryland and woodland; and in 2014, the main landscape types changed to woodland. The next landscape type is bare land and dry land. From 1990 to 2014, there was an increasing trend of forest land in the study area, a fluctuating trend in dry land, water body and paddy field, and a decreasing trend in bare land. 3. 3. A semi distributed hydrological model was established based on Puerheimeng forest and lake basin. The model is calculated according to six types of land use / cover, such as water area, paddy field, woodland, dry land, bare land and construction land, and the confluence is calculated through subbasin, surface channel and underground pipeline. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient E of rate periodic is 0.80, the relative error of annual total runoff is -5.80, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient E of verification period is 0.79, and the relative error of annual total runoff is -14.27.4 soil. The hydrological response of land use change is as follows: (1) the runoff from April to August began to increase gradually and then decreased gradually after July or August. Runoff increased significantly in June, peaked in July or August, decreased significantly since October, and reached its lowest level in March or April. In the dry season, the monthly runoff of Pujiheimonglin Lake Basin is related to rainfall to a great extent, but the peak of runoff does not necessarily appear in the month when the rainfall reaches the peak. The lowest runoff also does not necessarily occur in the month when the rainfall is minimal. The increasing trend of runoff in the study area lags behind the increasing trend of rainfall, and the trend of runoff decrease and the trend of decreasing rainfall basically synchronize with the trend of decreasing rainfall.) after vegetation restoration, the peak value of runoff in the study area decreases and lags behind the peak value of rainfall. The water conservation function of forest vegetation is weakened, and vegetation restoration can slow the runoff attenuation in dry season. In general, vegetation restoration can increase the yield and discharge of the study area, showing the characteristics of "cutting the peak and replenishing the withered". 4) when the rainfall conditions are the same, the yield and discharge of the extremely bare land is higher than that of the extreme forest land, and under the two different land use scenarios, The variation rate of runoff in rainy season is higher than that in dry season, that is, the hydrological response is stronger in rainy season than in dry season.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P344

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