郴州市瑶岗仙钨矿采矿对生态环境的影响及生态恢复技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:19

本文选题：生态恢复 + 资源循环　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是钨矿储量最大的国家,钨是我国的优势矿产资源,多年来我国钨矿的开采为世界钨产品的开发提供了大量的原料,但随着钨资源的日益减少,我国钨矿的储量优势正在慢慢消失。而我国的钨矿开采和加工过程的资源浪费现象除了影响部分矿产工业外,对我国以钨矿开采或粗加工为支柱产业的部分地区也造成了严重的生态破坏,特别是我国的石英脉型黑钨矿为主,此类矿床的形成特点造成石英脉型黑钨矿易选易采,因此我国的石英脉型黑钨矿以开发早“产量多”规模大而闻名,很多的黑钨矿经过多年开采,所面临的资源浪费和生态破坏的问题也格外突出和严峻瑶岗仙还有矽卡岩白钨矿矿床,本文提出、分析了宜章县瑶岗仙钨矿在生态恢复过程中的问题,结合各学科知识,分析和借鉴国内外优秀案例,旨在解决宜章县瑶岗仙钨矿景观生态破坏和资源浪费等问题,为郴州市地区及附近钨矿生态恢复提出了可行性建议,文章主要的研究成果如下：(1)钨是目前世界上使用范围非常广泛的有色金属资源,我国钨矿资源的开采已经对生态环境造成了严重的破坏,而我国在矿山生态环境污染方面研究还有很大的不足。(2)郴州市是一个以矿产资源开采为主要经济支柱的城市,采矿已经对生态环境造成了严重的负面影响,钨矿开采造成的污染的原因和污染情况复杂、时间久,修复的难度较大,本文将现代景观生态规划运用到钨矿的生态重建,结合现代城市规划理论和景观生态美学等思想,并提出了分别针对被污染的土地、水体、植被等资源的物理、化学、生物和工程恢复措施。(3)在实地调查中我们发现瑶岗仙钨矿目前的生态问题及其严重,已经直接影响到当地人们的生产和生活,但当地居民对生态环境的保护和恢复的了解还较少,生态恢复的程度比较低,经济发展方式单一,在生态恢复中依据瑶岗仙本身的地形地貌、资源分布和历史文化特点,将瑶岗仙划分为一个中心区,两条景观带和四大功能区,即是瑶岗仙钨矿体验中心,天鹅峰山地生态景观带和策水河风光带,矿山遗迹景观区、农业休闲旅游区、生态恢复区和生态农业种植区,分别针对不同的区域进行不同的生态恢复和景观重建手段,选取适合的植被,以此来促进瑶岗仙钨矿的生态恢复和经济发展方式的转型。
[Abstract]:China is the country with the largest tungsten reserves, and tungsten is the dominant mineral resource in China. The exploitation of tungsten ore in China has provided a large number of raw materials for the development of tungsten products in the world for many years, but with the decreasing of tungsten resources, The predominance of tungsten reserves in China is slowly disappearing. In addition to affecting some mineral industries, the waste of resources in the mining and processing process of tungsten ores in China has caused serious ecological damage to some areas of China, where tungsten mining or rough processing is the pillar industry. In particular, quartz vein wolframite is the main type of wolframite in China. The formation characteristics of this type of deposit make quartz vein wolframite easy to be selected and mined. Therefore, the quartz vein wolframite in China is famous for its early development of "large output" and large scale. After many years of exploitation, many wolframite have been faced with the problems of resource waste and ecological destruction, which are especially prominent and severe, as well as skarn scheelite deposits. This paper analyzes the problems in the process of ecological restoration of Yaogang Xiantungsten Mine in Yizhang County, and combines the knowledge of various disciplines, analyzes and draws lessons from outstanding cases at home and abroad, aiming to solve the problems of ecological destruction and resource waste of Yaogang Xianwu Mine in Yichang County. Some feasible suggestions are put forward for ecological restoration of tungsten deposits in and around Chenzhou. The main research results of this paper are as follows: tungsten is a widely used nonferrous metal resource in the world. The exploitation of tungsten ore resources in China has caused serious damage to the ecological environment. However, the study of mine ecological environment pollution in China is still far from enough.) Chenzhou City is a city with mineral resources exploitation as its main economic pillar. Mining has caused serious negative impact on ecological environment, the pollution caused by tungsten mining is complex, the time is long, and the restoration is difficult. In this paper, the modern landscape ecological planning is applied to the ecological reconstruction of tungsten mine. Combined with modern urban planning theory and landscape ecological aesthetics, the physics and chemistry of polluted land, water body, vegetation and other resources are put forward. Biological and Engineering Restoration measures. (3) in the field investigation, we found that the current ecological problems and their severity in the Yao Gang Xian tungsten mine have directly affected the production and life of the local people. However, the local residents still know little about the protection and restoration of the ecological environment, the degree of ecological restoration is relatively low, the mode of economic development is single, and the ecological restoration is based on the topographic and geomorphological features, distribution of resources and historical and cultural characteristics of Yao Gangxian. The Yao Gang Xian is divided into a central area, two landscape zones and four functional areas, namely, the experience center of Yao Gang Xian tungsten mine, the ecological landscape belt of Swan Peak Mountain and the Ceshui River scenery zone, the mine relic landscape area, and the agricultural leisure tourism area. In the ecological restoration area and the ecological agricultural planting area, different ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction methods were carried out for different regions, and suitable vegetation was selected to promote the ecological restoration and the transformation of economic development mode of Yao Gangxian tungsten mine.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X753;X171.4

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