上海市主要景观水体浮游动物群落特征及水质评价

发布时间：2018-05-02 21:54

本文选题：景观水体 + 浮游动物　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：景观水体是城市中的重要组成部分,其水质的好坏直接影响着景观的观赏价值和周围的人居环境。浮游动物对环境污染极为敏感,其群落特征能反映水质状况的优劣,是水域生态系统中重要的指示生物。本研究选取上海市33处公园及景点中的49个水体,于2014年分季度对其浮游动物(包括轮虫、枝角类和桡足类)群落进行调查研究,分析浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,并对上海景观水体的水质状况进行综合评价。主要结果如下:1.此次调查共鉴定浮游动物98种,隶属于17科39属,其中轮虫82种,桡足类8种(含桡足幼体和无节幼体),枝角类8种,分别占总种类数的84%、8%、8%。浮游动物种类数的季节变化明显,为春季夏季秋季冬季。2.浮游动物Shannon-Wiener指数(H')年平均值在各水体间的变动范围为0.62~2.04,Margalef指数(D)变动范围为0.39~2.28,均匀度指数(J)变动范围为0.40~0.91;Shannon-Wiener指数(H')的季节变化为,夏季秋季春季冬季,Margalef指数(D)的季节变化为,夏季春季秋季冬季。均匀度指数(J)的四季差异相对不明显。3.浮游动物数量生物量年平均值在各水体间的变动范围为156~21958ind./L,其中轮虫所占浮游动物数量生物量的比重最大;平均数量生物量的季节变化为,春季夏季秋季冬季。浮游动物重量生物量年平均值的平面变动范围为0.06~17.22mg/L;平均重量生物量季节变化为,春季夏季秋季冬季。4.浮游动物优势种分别为裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、长三肢轮虫(Filinia longiseta)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、无棘螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis tecta)、热带龟甲轮虫(Keratella tropica)、多肢轮虫(Polyarthra sp.)、疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta sp.)、暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocerca pusilla)、桡足类无节幼体(Nauplii)。四个季度的优势种有所不同,多肢轮虫(Polyarthra sp.)为第一优势种,其四季优势度分别为0.237、0.336、0.309、0.180,明显高于其他优势种。5.通过Pearson相关性分析得出,水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)与浮游动物各指标呈现显著或极显著的相关性。为探究景观水体污染和富营养化程度对浮游动物的综合影响,利用COD、TN、TP指标进行聚类分析,将所调查的49个水体划分为四类。发现随着水体污染和富营养化程度的增加,浮游动物的生物量也有明显增加的趋势,与景观水体水质特征关系密切。6.利用理化指标、优势种、多样性指数评价方法分别对上海景观水体的污染状况和富营养化程度进行评价。根据理化指标评价,上海景观水体大部分处于富营养至重富营养状态。根据浮游动物优势种评价,上海景观水体营养类型属于中富营养到富营养水平。根据多样性指数评价,上海景观水体基本处于中污-重污染状态。
[Abstract]:Landscape water is an important part of the city. Its water quality directly affects the ornamental value of landscape and the surrounding environment. Zooplankton is extremely sensitive to environmental pollution. Its community characteristics can reflect the quality of water quality, and it is an important indicator in the water ecosystem. This study selects 33 parks and landscapes in Shanghai. 49 water bodies in the point were investigated and studied on the zooplankton community (including rotifer, Cladocera and copepods) in the quarter of 2014. The relationship between the zooplankton community structure and environmental factors was analyzed, and the water quality of Shanghai landscape water was evaluated comprehensively. The main results were as follows: 1. this survey identified 98 species of zooplankton. In 17 families and 39 genera, there are 82 species of rotifer, 8 copepods (including copepods and naupls), and 8 species of Cladocera, accounting for 84% of the total species, 8%, and the seasonal variation of the number of 8%. zooplankton is obvious. The average annual value of the.2. zooplankton Shannon-Wiener index (H') in spring and autumn winter is 0.62~2.04, Margalef The variation range of the index (D) is 0.39~2.28, the variation range of the evenness index (J) is 0.40~0.91, and the seasonal variation of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') is the seasonal variation of the Margalef index (D) in summer, autumn, spring and winter, and the seasonal variation of the evenness index (J) in summer spring and autumn. The variation range of each water body was 156~21958ind./L, in which the number of zooplankton accounted for the largest proportion of the zooplankton, the seasonal variation of the average biomass was in the spring summer and autumn winter. The annual average value of the biomass of zooplankton was 0.06~17.22mg/L; the seasonal variation of the average weight biomass was in the spring summer. The dominant species of.4. zooplankton in autumn were Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus angularis, Filinia longiseta, and Keratella cochlearis (Keratella cochlearis), no spiny tortoise rotifer (Keratella cochlearis Tecta), tropical tortoid rotifer, multiple limbs. Polyarthra sp., Synchaeta sp., Trichocerca pusilla, and copepod naupli (Nauplii). The dominant species in the four quarter is different. The first dominant species is the dominant species of the multi limb rotifer (Polyarthra sp.), and its four seasons superiority is 0.237,0.336,0.309,0.180, obviously higher than that of the other dominant species by Pearso. N correlation analysis showed that water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and zooplankton showed significant or extremely significant correlation. To explore the comprehensive effects of landscape water pollution and eutrophication on zooplankton, using COD, TN, TP index to cluster analysis, the 49 water bodies were investigated. It is divided into four categories. It is found that with the increase of water pollution and eutrophication, the biomass of zooplankton is also obviously increasing, which is closely related to the characteristics of the water quality of the landscape water..6. uses the physicochemical indexes, the dominant species and the diversity index evaluation method respectively evaluate the pollution status and eutrophication level of Shanghai landscape water body. Based on the evaluation of the dominant species of zooplankton, the nutrition types of Shanghai landscape water body belong to the medium eutrophic and eutrophic level, according to the dominant species of zooplankton. According to the diversity index, the landscape water body of Shanghai is basically in the state of medium pollution and heavy pollution.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958.8

【参考文献】