保定府河典型污染因子变化规律及水质评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 19:50

本文选题：城市内河 + 污染因子　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自古以来,城市内河就是城市文化传承、商业发展和休闲游憩的核心,是构成城市的重要元素,也是促进城市发展的重要功能空间,不仅积淀了深厚的历史文化底蕴,更是城市重要的历史、文化和旅游资源,城市内河范围包括河水、河道和两岸景观带。随着经济快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,生活污水、工业废水的排放量逐渐增多,未经处理便随意排放至城市内河,垃圾随意堆放,使得河流及内河水体受到严重污染,微生物种类减少,生态系统受到破坏,水体的自净能力降低甚至丧失,河道周边环境明显恶化,甚至会出现臭气,河道失去了原有的水环境功能。因此河道的治理逐渐引起重视并迫切需要治理。为了掌握整条河流的水质状况,解决城市内河的污染问题并能提出有效合理的治理方案,需要对河道中水体的污染源、污染程度有较为客观的了解,因此必须对城市内河的水流进行连续性监测,并进行水质评价。保定府河是保定市重要河流之一,沿河两岸具有生活区、市场、医院、加油站、企业等,是一条典型的城市内河,其河水水质具有一定代表性；且府河位于白洋淀上游,是白洋淀源头之一,府河的水质对白洋淀的水质有很大的影响,了解掌握府河水质状况,不仅对保定府河的整治、恢复河道功能提供数据依据,对今后改善白洋淀水质也具有一定的作用。第一,本研究是以保定府河为研究对象,选取莲池南大街的南关大桥至东二环的焦庄桥段,确定了6个采样断面,对府河典型污染因子进行了连续性监测,采用人工方法对水温、溶解氧、pH、浊度、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷等几项指标进行检测,并对实验结果进行记录。第二,重点对化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷四项污染因子的检测结果进行了整理分析,从时间、空间、季节三个方面进行总结,得到了保定府河典型污染因子的时空变化规律,并研究了部分外界因素对水质变化规律的影响。第三,结合实验数据,及变化规律,应用水质标识指数法对保定府河的水质进行评价,包括对水质级别的评判、综合水质的定性评价、综合水质随时间、空间变化的评价。评价结果显示保定府河水质属于劣V类水,且为重度污染。通过对保定府河水质的连续性监测和水质评价可以更清楚、准确的把握保定及周边河流的水质污染状况,为河流整治以及合理开发利用和保护水资源奠定基础。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, urban inland river is the core of urban cultural heritage, commercial development and leisure and recreation. It is an important element of urban development and an important functional space to promote urban development. It not only accumulates profound historical and cultural details, but also plays an important role in urban development. It is also an important historical, cultural and tourist resource of the city. With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the discharge of domestic sewage and industrial waste water is increasing gradually, which is discharged to urban inland rivers without treatment, and garbage is piled up at will, which makes the rivers and inland water bodies seriously polluted. The decrease of microbial species, the destruction of ecosystem, the decrease or even loss of self-purification ability of water body, the obvious deterioration of the surrounding environment of river, and even the appearance of odour, the river has lost its original function of water environment. Therefore, the regulation of the river gradually aroused attention and urgent need of governance. In order to grasp the water quality situation of the whole river, solve the pollution problem of the city inland river and put forward the effective and reasonable treatment plan, we need to have a more objective understanding of the pollution source and the pollution degree of the river water body. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of water quality must be carried out in urban inland rivers. Baoding Fu River is one of the important rivers in Baoding City. It has living areas, markets, hospitals, gas stations, enterprises, etc. It is a typical city inland river, and its water quality is representative, and the Fuhe River is located in the upper reaches of Baiyangdian Lake. The water quality of the Fuhe River has a great impact on the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake. Understanding the water quality situation of the Fuhe River not only provides a data basis for the regulation of the Fuhe River in Baoding, but also for the restoration of the river course function. It also plays a certain role in improving the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake in the future. First, this research takes Baoding Fuhe as the research object, selects the section of Jiaozhuang Bridge from Nanguan Bridge of Lianchi South Street to Dongerhuan Bridge, determines six sampling sections, and carries on the continuous monitoring to the typical pollution factors of Fuhe River. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were detected by artificial method, and the experimental results were recorded. Second, the test results of four pollution factors, namely chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, were analyzed and summarized from three aspects: time, space and season. The temporal and spatial variation rules of typical pollution factors in Baoding Fuhe River were obtained, and the influence of some external factors on water quality was studied. Thirdly, the water quality of Baoding Fuhe River is evaluated by using the method of water quality marking index, which includes the evaluation of water quality grade, the qualitative evaluation of comprehensive water quality, and the evaluation of the change of water quality with time and space. The evaluation results show that the water quality of Baoding Fu River belongs to class V water and is seriously polluted. Through the continuous monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of the Fuhe River in Baoding, the pollution situation of the water quality of Baoding River and its surrounding rivers can be grasped more clearly and accurately, which will lay the foundation for river regulation, rational exploitation, utilization and protection of water resources.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;X824

【参考文献】