东台市滩涂围垦区景观格局动态演变分析与优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 18:16

本文选题：滩涂围垦区 + 最小累积阻力模型　；参考：《宁波大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济和社会的发展,需要越来越多的土地和空间,滩涂作为我国六种土地后备资源之一,围垦规模和开发强度越来越大。滩涂围垦为经济发展提供了空间但也引发了一系列的生态问题,如沿海湿地生态系统退化、生物多样性降低等。本文选取江苏省中部东台市滩涂围垦区为典型区域,以1990年、2000年、2010年三个期TM影像为主要数据,结合其他辅助信息和野外观测,依靠GPS、GIS、RS等空间信息技术,研究了东台市滩涂围垦区景观格局的时空动态变化过程,并运用累计阻力模型探讨了景观格局优化问题,得到如下主要结论:1、研究区景观类型中,农业景观面积最大,占绝对优势。但在大规模围垦的背景下,东台市围垦区景观出现了破碎化、连通性降低等问题,人工景观不断挤占自然景观,生态用地减少,景观的连通性降低,需要通过识别和强化生态关键区,加强生态连通性,从而实现生态系统的良性发展。2、1990年至2000年研究区内以耕地为主,占总面积的80%,居民地和养殖用地面积增加,光滩面积减少。草地面积前期减少,后期大幅增;要素主要转移方向为:海域转向光滩和养殖用地、光滩转向草地和养殖用地、草地转向耕地和养殖用地、耕地转向建设和养殖用地;人工景观中耕地的优势度下降,其他类型则表现出强烈的扩张态势,养殖用地的发展尤为突出;自然景观在人工景观的侵蚀下,景观破碎化过程明显,生态不稳定性增加;区内景观格局整体上趋于破碎化、离散化和多样化:斑块数量增多、平均面积减小、形状更加复杂;斑块间距离增大、相互作用减弱;景观类型的均匀度、多样性增加,优势度下降。3、研究区内各类景观类型的生态服务价值差异很大,的湿地的服务价值无论是单价还是总量都是最高的,其次为农业和水体;研究区景观生态功能强度总体上由东向西逐渐变弱,内部差异由也东向西越来越明显。4、研究区景观优化的主要措施有保护源地、构建廊道和强化节点。亟待解决的主要问题有沿海湿地的保护和片林基地的建设、道路的绿化等。本研究在理论基础上做景观格局与生态过程关系的探索、在实践上尝试用基于景观格局的方法进行景观优化,为东台市及沿海滩涂围垦区的生态设计和管理提供科学依据,有一定的理论创新意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, more and more land and space are needed. As one of the six kinds of land reserve resources in China, the scale of reclamation and the intensity of exploitation are increasing. Beach reclamation provides space for economic development but also leads to a series of ecological problems such as the degradation of coastal wetland ecosystem and the decrease of biodiversity. In this paper, the beachland reclamation area of Dongtai City in central Jiangsu Province is selected as a typical area. The TM images of three periods in 1990, 2000 and 2010 are taken as the main data, combined with other auxiliary information and field observation, and the spatial information technology, such as GPS-GIS-RS, is relied on. The spatiotemporal dynamic process of landscape pattern in beach-reclamation area of Dongtai city was studied, and the optimization problem of landscape pattern was discussed by using cumulative resistance model. The main conclusions were as follows: 1. Among the landscape types in the study area, the agricultural landscape area was the largest. Have an absolute advantage. However, under the background of large-scale reclamation, the landscape in Dongtai reclamation area has appeared the problems of fragmentation and decrease of connectivity. The artificial landscape is constantly crowding out the natural landscape, the ecological land is decreasing, and the connectivity of the landscape is decreasing. In order to realize the benign development of ecosystem, the ecological connectivity should be strengthened by identifying and strengthening the key ecological areas. From 1990 to 2000, the study area was mainly cultivated land, accounting for 80% of the total area, the area of residential land and culture land increased, and the area of bare beach decreased. The main transfer direction of the elements is: the sea area turns to the bare beach and the culture land, the light beach to the grassland and the culture land, the grassland to the cultivated land and the cultivation land, the cultivated land to the construction and the culture land; The dominant degree of cultivated land in artificial landscape decreased, other types showed a strong expansion trend, especially the development of breeding land; the natural landscape in the artificial landscape erosion, landscape fragmentation process is obvious, ecological instability increased; Overall landscape patterns in the region tend to be fragmented, dispersed and diversified: the number of patches increases, the average area decreases and the shape becomes more complex; the distance between patches increases and the interaction weakens; the landscape types are more uniform and diverse. In the study area, the ecological service value of all kinds of landscape types is very different, the service value of wetland is the highest, agriculture and water are the next; The intensity of landscape ecological function in the study area was gradually weakened from east to west, and the internal difference was becoming more and more obvious from east to west. The main measures of landscape optimization in the study area included protecting source, constructing corridor and strengthening node. The main problems to be solved are the protection of coastal wetlands, the construction of forest bases and the greening of roads. On the basis of theory, this study explores the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process, and tries to optimize the landscape based on landscape pattern in practice, which provides scientific basis for ecological design and management of Dongtai city and coastal beach reclamation area. It has certain theoretical innovation significance.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;P748

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