哈尔滨城区家榆和东北黑榆应用分布及生理适应性研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 10:45
【摘要】：哈尔滨“市树”家榆(Ulmus pumila L.)冠型开展,但易感病虫害,其应用受到影响。东北黑榆(Ulmus davidiana var. mandshurica Skv.)冠型较家榆窄,据研究报道抗病虫较家榆强。家榆、东北黑榆在哈尔滨周边自然植被有分布,二者的观赏性状既有共性,又各有特色。研究通过分析哈尔滨城区的应用分布和1年生幼苗在不同道路生境下的生物量及相关生理指标特征,从不同视角探讨其二者在哈尔滨市应用的方法,为哈尔滨市基调树种和骨干树种的选择提供科学依据。调研家榆和东北黑榆在哈尔滨城区应用的空间分布特征,不同绿地生境中的生长状况,胸径"g60cm大树应用现状,在空间构成上的景观应用形式案例及公众对两者美感度的认知,从应用历史等多视角综合分析家榆和东北黑榆的应用特征。结合研究1年生家榆和东北黑榆盆栽实生苗在距离道路生境不同尺度环境下的生物量、感病虫性、相关生理指标和光合特性,综合分析家榆、东北黑榆在距离道路生境不同尺度环境下的适应性。为其是否能够适应道路生境推荐为基调树种提供依据。其研究结果如下：1.家榆可以作为哈尔滨的基调树种,可以广泛应用于道路、公园、庭院绿地生境中。家榆在哈尔滨不同行政区不同类型的绿地生境中都有应用,且不同绿地生境中的家榆生长状况良好。胸径"g60cm的家榆大树在哈尔滨不同绿地类型都有分布,其生长状况和观赏特性良好,说明家榆能适应哈尔滨本地的自然气候。东北黑榆可以作为哈尔滨的骨干树种,仅黑龙江省森林植物园内有应用,其是否适合做基调树种,有待于进一步在道路、公园、庭院绿地实践应用中验证。仅调查到黑龙江省森林植物园内同时分布有胸径40cm～60cm的家榆和东北黑榆大苗,生长状况均为健康(1级),仅在观赏特性上有差异,但数量有限很难科学的判定家榆和东北黑榆大苗对环境适应性的差异。2.1年生家榆实生苗和东北黑榆实生苗在供试道路生境下都能生存,从生物量和观赏质量来看,可以满足基本的绿化需求,可以作为哈尔滨基调树种的选择种。综合分析知,1年生家榆和东北黑榆实生苗均表现为在直射光6h、距离主干路最远、车流量最小的生境1下生长质量最优；在直射光8h、距离主干路最近、车流量最大的生境3下生长状况均表现良好。3种供试道路生境下1年生家榆实生苗株高净增长量、叶片数净增长量均比1年生东北黑榆实生苗多,说明道路生境下家榆幼苗的生长质量较好；3种供试道路生境下1年生家榆实生苗病虫害植株百分数、病虫害叶数均比1年生东北黑榆实生苗高,说明东北黑榆幼苗的观赏质量较高,抗病虫害能力比家榆幼苗强。3.1年生家榆和东北黑榆盆栽实生苗在距离道路生境3种不同尺度环境下的生理适应性有差异。距离主干路越近、车流量越大,家榆比叶重、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素a+b、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、光饱和点随之下降,家榆电导率、MDA、SOD、POD、光补偿点随之升高；东北黑榆的比叶重、电导率、MDA、SOD净光合速率、蒸腾速率、光补偿点随之升高,叶片相对含水量、叶绿素a+b、脯氨酸、POD、光饱和点随之下降。
[Abstract]:Harbin "city tree" (Ulmus pumila L.) crown type, but susceptible to disease and insect pests, its application is affected. The Northeast Black elm (Ulmus davidiana var. mandshurica Skv.) crown type is narrower than the family Ulmus. According to the study, it is reported that the disease resistant insect is stronger than the family elm. The native elm and the Northeast Black elm are distributed in the periphery of Harbin. The ornamental characters of the two are not only common, but also in common, By analyzing the application distribution of Harbin urban area and the biomass of 1 year old seedlings in different road habitats and the characteristics of related physiological indexes, the methods of applying them in Harbin were discussed from different perspectives, and the scientific basis for the selection of key tree species and backbone species in Harbin was provided. The spatial distribution characteristics of Yulu in Harbin urban area, the growth status of different green habitats, the application of g60cm tree in the DBH, the case of Landscape Application in the spatial composition and the public perception of the beauty of the two, analyzed the application characteristics of the family elm and the Northeast Black elm from the application history and so on. Combined with the study of the 1 year old family. The adaptability of the potted seedlings of elm and elm in different scales from the road environment to the environment of different scales of the road habitat in different scales of road habitats, and the adaptability of the elm in different scales from the road habitats of the family elm and the Northeast Black elm, provide the basis for its adaptation to the road habitat. The results are as follows: 1. elm can be used as the key tree of Harbin. It can be widely used in roads, parks and garden green habitats. The family elm is used in different types of green habitats in different administrative regions of Harbin, and the growth condition of the family elm in different green habitats is good. The DBH "g60cm" family elm tree is in different Greenbelts in Harbin. All types are distributed, and their growth and ornamental characteristics are good, indicating that the family elm can adapt to the local natural climate in Harbin. The Northeast Black elm can be used as the backbone of Harbin, only in the forest plant garden in Heilongjiang province. It is suitable to be a key tree species, and it needs to be further verified in the practical application of road, park and courtyard green space. In the forest plant garden of Heilongjiang Province, only the family elm 40cm ~ 60cm and the big seedlings of the Northeast Black elm were distributed at the same time, the growth conditions were all healthy (1 grade), only on the ornamental characteristics, but the limited number of the seedlings was difficult to scientifically determine the difference between the family elm and the Northeast Black elm seedlings to the environmental adaptation,.2.1 years old and the Northeast Black elm. The seedling can survive under the test road habitat. From the biomass and ornamental quality, it can meet the basic greening demand. It can be used as the selection of the basic tree species in Harbin. The comprehensive analysis shows that the 1 year old family elm and the Northeast Black elm seedling are both in the direct light 6H, the farthest distance from the main road and the 1 growth quality in the habitat with the smallest vehicle flow. In the direct light 8h, the growth condition of the largest habitat 3 under the distance of the main trunk road, the maximum net growth of the 1 year old seedlings of the family elm, the net growth of the leaf number is more than that of the 1 year old northeast black elm, which indicates that the growth quality of the seedlings of the family elm is better than that of the 1 years. 3 kinds of tests are given. The number of plant diseases and insect pests of the 1 year old seedlings of the family elm in the road habitat is higher than that of the 1 year old northeast black elm. It shows that the ornamental quality of the seedlings of the Northeast Black elm is higher, and the resistance to disease and insect resistance is better than the.3.1 years of the family elm and the seedlings of the Northeast Black elm plant in 3 different scales of distance from the road habitat. Adaptability is different. The closer to the main trunk road, the greater the traffic flow, the heavier the leaf weight, the relative water content of the leaves, the chlorophyll a+b, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the light saturation point, the electrical conductivity, the MDA, the SOD, the POD, the light compensation point, and the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the transpiration rate, the light compensation of the specific leaf weight, the conductivity, the MDA, SOD, and the light compensation of the elm in the Northeast The leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a+b, proline, POD and light saturation point decreased.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S792.19
[Abstract]:Harbin "city tree" (Ulmus pumila L.) crown type, but susceptible to disease and insect pests, its application is affected. The Northeast Black elm (Ulmus davidiana var. mandshurica Skv.) crown type is narrower than the family Ulmus. According to the study, it is reported that the disease resistant insect is stronger than the family elm. The native elm and the Northeast Black elm are distributed in the periphery of Harbin. The ornamental characters of the two are not only common, but also in common, By analyzing the application distribution of Harbin urban area and the biomass of 1 year old seedlings in different road habitats and the characteristics of related physiological indexes, the methods of applying them in Harbin were discussed from different perspectives, and the scientific basis for the selection of key tree species and backbone species in Harbin was provided. The spatial distribution characteristics of Yulu in Harbin urban area, the growth status of different green habitats, the application of g60cm tree in the DBH, the case of Landscape Application in the spatial composition and the public perception of the beauty of the two, analyzed the application characteristics of the family elm and the Northeast Black elm from the application history and so on. Combined with the study of the 1 year old family. The adaptability of the potted seedlings of elm and elm in different scales from the road environment to the environment of different scales of the road habitat in different scales of road habitats, and the adaptability of the elm in different scales from the road habitats of the family elm and the Northeast Black elm, provide the basis for its adaptation to the road habitat. The results are as follows: 1. elm can be used as the key tree of Harbin. It can be widely used in roads, parks and garden green habitats. The family elm is used in different types of green habitats in different administrative regions of Harbin, and the growth condition of the family elm in different green habitats is good. The DBH "g60cm" family elm tree is in different Greenbelts in Harbin. All types are distributed, and their growth and ornamental characteristics are good, indicating that the family elm can adapt to the local natural climate in Harbin. The Northeast Black elm can be used as the backbone of Harbin, only in the forest plant garden in Heilongjiang province. It is suitable to be a key tree species, and it needs to be further verified in the practical application of road, park and courtyard green space. In the forest plant garden of Heilongjiang Province, only the family elm 40cm ~ 60cm and the big seedlings of the Northeast Black elm were distributed at the same time, the growth conditions were all healthy (1 grade), only on the ornamental characteristics, but the limited number of the seedlings was difficult to scientifically determine the difference between the family elm and the Northeast Black elm seedlings to the environmental adaptation,.2.1 years old and the Northeast Black elm. The seedling can survive under the test road habitat. From the biomass and ornamental quality, it can meet the basic greening demand. It can be used as the selection of the basic tree species in Harbin. The comprehensive analysis shows that the 1 year old family elm and the Northeast Black elm seedling are both in the direct light 6H, the farthest distance from the main road and the 1 growth quality in the habitat with the smallest vehicle flow. In the direct light 8h, the growth condition of the largest habitat 3 under the distance of the main trunk road, the maximum net growth of the 1 year old seedlings of the family elm, the net growth of the leaf number is more than that of the 1 year old northeast black elm, which indicates that the growth quality of the seedlings of the family elm is better than that of the 1 years. 3 kinds of tests are given. The number of plant diseases and insect pests of the 1 year old seedlings of the family elm in the road habitat is higher than that of the 1 year old northeast black elm. It shows that the ornamental quality of the seedlings of the Northeast Black elm is higher, and the resistance to disease and insect resistance is better than the.3.1 years of the family elm and the seedlings of the Northeast Black elm plant in 3 different scales of distance from the road habitat. Adaptability is different. The closer to the main trunk road, the greater the traffic flow, the heavier the leaf weight, the relative water content of the leaves, the chlorophyll a+b, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the light saturation point, the electrical conductivity, the MDA, the SOD, the POD, the light compensation point, and the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the transpiration rate, the light compensation of the specific leaf weight, the conductivity, the MDA, SOD, and the light compensation of the elm in the Northeast The leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a+b, proline, POD and light saturation point decreased.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S792.19
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