滇西北香格里拉市生态资产变化及其生态环境效应研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 14:05

【摘要】：人们在社会经济需求与资源环境保护间矛盾日益凸显的过程中逐渐意识到生态系统除了具有直接被人类利用的自然资源外,还具有隐形的服务功能,以生态环境的牺牲和自然资源的消耗为代价的传统经济增长、社会发展方式已不能满足人类可持续发展的总体要求,使得以自然资源价值和生态系统服务为核心的生态资产评估成为当前相关学科研究的焦点。以滇西北香格里拉市为研究区,分别以1974年、1989年、2003年、2013年的Landsat 1 MSS、Landsat5 TM、Landsat7 ETM+、Landsat8 TM影像为基本信息源,运用RS和GIS解译处理获取各类型土地利用的空间分布面积、植被覆盖度及土壤侵蚀等数据,结合生态资产、景观格局及生态环境质量三种评估体系和方法,对香格里拉市近40年的生态资产变化及其生态环境效应进行定量和定性的评价。主要研究内容与结果如下:(1)香格里拉市近40年的生态资产呈下降趋势。1974年、1989年、2003年、2013年的生态资产分别为138.36亿元、129.55亿元、115.46亿元、123.59亿元,单位面积生态资产产值分别为12122.75元/(年?hm2)、11350.84元/(年?hm2)、10116.37元/(年?hm2)、10828.74元/(年?hm2)。辖区内的11个乡镇中资产总量排名前四的分别是格咱乡、建塘镇、东旺乡及洛吉乡,四乡镇的生态资产价值占全市的52%以上,而单位面积生态资产产值排在前三的乡镇依次是金江镇、上江镇、洛吉乡。从生态系统类型来看,林地生态系统分布面积最广亦是生态资产最主要的产出者,其产值占全市总资产的82.89%-84.24%;灌木林地的生态系统产值占全市总资产的7.57%-12.17%;草地的生态系统产值占全市总资产的0.27%-5.17%,其余类型生态系统的总产值比重低于5%。(2)香格里拉市等级不同的生态系统服务的价值存在明显差异及变化。4类一级类生态系统服务的价值高低依次是:调节服务㧐支持服务㧐供给服务㧐文化服务。从多年研究结果来看,9类二级类生态系统服务的价值高低依次是:土壤形成与保护㧐水源涵养㧐气体调节㧐生物多样性保护㧐气候调节㧐原材料生产㧐废物处理㧐娱乐文化㧐食物生产。在近40年的研究期内各类生态系统服务存在较明显的变化,其中除食物生产与废物处理服务价值以1989年、2003为拐点呈“N”字形波动变化外,余下7类服务的价值则以2003年为转折点呈“减增”变化。(3)香格里拉市近40年景观格局的异质性、多样性增强。从1974年到2013年斑块数增加5674个、平均斑块面积减小335.0141hm2、边缘密度增加22.3759m/hm2、香农多样性指数增加0.2037、香农均度指数增加0.0926,表明研究期内香格里拉市的景观多样性略有加强,但景观的连片化程度减弱、破碎化程度增强、异质性增强。(4)香格里拉市近40年的生态环境质量呈下降趋势。1974年、1989年、2003年、2013年香格里拉市生态环境质量综合指数分别为66.28、66.12、62.61、66.03,生态环境整体质量无剧烈变化,等级达到良(但是中等偏下水平),基本适合人类生存。从景观格局和生态环境质量评价体系的结果来看,在近40年的研究期内香格里拉市的生态环境随生态资产的减少呈现下降趋势。由于研究的时空跨度大、数据的可获性及研究体系的不断完善,使研究结果具有一定的局限性,相关研究仍需要开展深入研究。
[Abstract]:In the process of increasing contradiction between social economic demand and resource and environment protection, people gradually realize that the ecological system has a stealth service function besides the natural resources used directly by human beings, and the traditional economic growth at the expense of the ecological environment and the consumption of natural resources. The way of social development has been incapable. To meet the overall requirements of human sustainable development, the assessment of ecological assets at the core of the value of natural resources and ecosystem services has become the focus of current research. In the study area of Shangri-La, Northwest Yunnan, the Landsat 1 MSS, Landsat5 TM, Landsat7 ETM+, Landsat8 TM in 1974, 1989, 2003 and 2013 respectively. Like the basic information source, the spatial distribution area of various types of land use, vegetation coverage and soil erosion data, and three evaluation systems and methods of ecological assets, landscape pattern and ecological environment quality were obtained by RS and GIS interpretation processing, and the ecological property changes and ecological environmental effects of Shangri-La in the last 40 years were determined. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the ecological assets of Shangri-La in the last 40 years have been declining in.1974 years. In 1989, 2003, and 2013, the ecological assets were 13 billion 836 million yuan, 12 billion 955 million yuan, 11 billion 546 million yuan, 12 billion 359 million yuan respectively, and the output value of the raw assets per unit area was 12122.75 yuan / (year hm2), 11350.84 yuan / (year? H). M2), 10116.37 yuan / (year? Hm2), 10828.74 yuan / (year? Hm2). The top four of the total assets in the 11 villages and towns in the jurisdiction are GEZAN Township, Jiang Town, Dong Wang Township and Luoji Township, four villages and towns account for more than 52% of the city's ecological assets, and the first three villages and towns of the unit area ecological capital output value are in turn Jin Jiang Town, Luoji township. From the ecological system type, the most widely distributed area of the forest ecosystem is the most important output of the ecological assets, and its output value accounts for 82.89%-84.24% of the total assets of the city; the ecological system value of the shrub land accounts for 7.57%-12.17% of the total assets of the whole city; the ecological system value of the grassland accounts for the 0.27%-5.17% of the total assets of the city, and the other types of ecosystem. The value of total output value is less than 5%. (2) the value of ecosystem services of different grades in Shangri-La city has obvious differences and changes in the value of.4 class I ecosystem services are: regulation service? Support service? Supply service? Cultural services. From the results of years of research, the value of the 9 classes of class two ecosystem services The following are: soil formation and protection? Water conservation? Gas regulation? Biodiversity conservation? Climate regulation? Raw material production? Waste treatment? Entertainment culture? Food production. There are obvious changes in various ecosystem services during the research period of nearly 40 years, of which the value of food production and waste treatment service is in 1989, and 2003 is on the turning point. In addition to the change of "N" pattern, the value of the remaining 7 types of services was "reduced" as a turning point in 2003. (3) the heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape pattern in Shangri-La in the last 40 years increased. From 1974 to 2013, the number of patches increased by 5674, the average patch area decreased by 335.0141hm2, the edge density increased by 22.3759m/hm2, and the Shannon diversity index The increase of 0.2037, Shannon average index increased by 0.0926, indicating that the landscape diversity in Shangri-La was slightly strengthened during the study period, but the degree of landscape fragmentation was weakened, the degree of fragmentation increased and heterogeneity was enhanced. (4) the ecological environment quality of the city of Shangri-La declined in the last 40 years for.1974 years, in 1989, 2003, and 2013, the ecological ring of Shangri-La city. The overall quality index of the environment is 66.28,66.12,62.61,66.03, and the overall quality of the ecological environment has no violent changes. The grade reaches a good (but moderate level). It is basically suitable for human survival. From the result of the landscape pattern and the ecological environment quality evaluation system, the ecological environment of Shangri-La city in the last 40 years' research period is with the ecological assets. Due to the large span of time and space, the availability of data and the continuous improvement of the research system, the research results have some limitations, and the related research still needs to be studied in depth.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X196;X171.1

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