徽派村落景观格局分析与可视化研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 18:34

【摘要】：徽派村落是人与自然和谐相处的典范,是中国传统村落的典型代表。分析徽派村落景观格局,提取景观意象及可视化表达徽派村落三维景观具有重要的科学价值。本文选取4个徽派村落作为研究样区,基于理想生态系统模式与三维景观指数方法提取景观意象、解析结构特征、分析景观格局,并基于规则建模方法实现徽派村落景观快速批量三维表达和可视化分析。文章结合景观格局分析与三维可视化方法,有效解析徽派村落景观生态内涵,为促进徽派村落的文化传承、保护、规划与旅游开发提供理论支撑。论文的主要研究内容和成果如下:(1)基于理想生态系统模式的徽派村落空间结构解析本文根据建筑环境学理论、心理场理论,从生态学视角提出了代表理想人居环境的理想生态系统模式,提出了徽派村落景观解析的宏观结构分析方法。徽派村落的布局与空间结构具备了理想生态系统模式所存在边缘效应、闭合效应和连通效应等特征。因此徽派村落空间解析表明:徽派村落呈现"山—林—屋—水—林"空间结构,这种空间结构是以建设用地为中心、自然景观在外围立体环绕的圈层结构,体现了村落内部良好的生态循环,符合理想人居环境模式。(2)徽派村落三维景观指数分析文章拓展了传统二维景观指数计算方法,克服了传统景观指数计算中的复杂地形景观格局偏差,提出了改进型的景观斑块面积与周长测量方法,文章还基于改进型三维景观指数分析了徽派村落景观格局,对比发现了二维景观指数在山区景观地表形态刻画中的问题。研究发现:徽派村落的面积与周长指标被传统二维景观指数低估,形状指标和多样性指标被高估,导致徽派村落景观格局分析中林地的优势度被低估,而以建设用地为代表的人工或半人工斑块的优势度被严重高估。徽派村落在景观类型和景观层次上具有较高的稳定性、聚集性和连接度,自然景观的优势度大于人文景观。(3)基于规则的徽派村落建模与可视化研究徽派村落建模的复杂性、层级性与多样性特点带来了建模时间和复杂性的问题,本文借助可复用高效自动村落建模方法,该方法具有快速高效、灵活度高、成本低的特点。建模重点关注徽派建筑、村落的构成要素、村落的结构特点。文章开发了徽派村落自动化构建的规则集合,并提出了徽派村落的可视分析方法。最后,本研究提取徽派村落的景观意象,并编写相应的建模规则,完成了呈坎村的三维模型构建,并随机生成了向心型和条带型徽派村落三维模型。在徽派村落三维模型的基础上实现了景观类型的属性查询;景观的表面、空间、投影面积与距离的空间量测;地形剖面分析、可视性分析、虚拟漫游等三维空间分析与应用。本文研究为徽派村落景观意象建模,徽派村落景观格局分析,徽派村落文化历史传承与数字化保护提供了方法论支撑,扩展了徽派村落景观的研究领域。
[Abstract]:Hui-style villages are the model of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, and the typical representative of traditional Chinese villages. It is of great scientific value to analyze the landscape pattern of Hui-style villages, extract landscape images and visualize the three-dimensional landscape of Hui-style villages. The index method extracts the landscape image, analyzes the structure characteristics, analyzes the landscape pattern, and realizes the rapid batch three-dimensional expression and visualization analysis of Hui-style village landscape based on the rule modeling method. The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) Based on the ideal ecosystem model, this paper puts forward the ideal ecosystem model representing the ideal human settlement environment from the perspective of ecology according to the theory of architectural environment and the theory of psychological field. The layout and spatial structure of Hui-style villages have the characteristics of edge effect, closure effect and communication effect of ideal ecosystem model. Therefore, the spatial analysis of Hui-style villages shows that Hui-style villages present the spatial structure of "mountain-forest-house-water-forest". The construction land is the center and the natural landscape is surrounded by the surrounding three-dimensional circle structure, which reflects the good ecological cycle within the village and conforms to the ideal living environment model. (2) The analysis of Hui-style village three-dimensional landscape index expands the traditional two-dimensional landscape index calculation method, overcomes the complex topographic landscape pattern in the traditional landscape index calculation. The paper also analyzes the landscape pattern of Hui-style villages based on the improved three-dimensional landscape index, and finds out the problems of two-dimensional landscape index in describing the surface morphology of mountain landscape. The dominance of woodland in landscape pattern analysis of Hui-style villages was underestimated, while the dominance of artificial or semi-artificial patches represented by construction land was seriously overestimated. The advantage of view is greater than that of human landscape. (3) Rule-based modeling and visualization of Hui-style villages. The complexity, hierarchy and diversity of Hui-style villages bring about the modeling time and complexity. This paper uses reusable and efficient automatic village modeling method, which has the characteristics of high speed, high flexibility and low cost. Points. Modeling focuses on Hui-style architecture, the elements of the village, and the structural characteristics of the village. This paper develops a set of rules for the automatic construction of Hui-style villages, and proposes a visual analysis method for Hui-style villages. Finally, this study extracts the landscape image of Hui-style villages, and compiles the corresponding modeling rules, and completes the three-dimensional model of Chengkan village. Based on the three-dimensional model of Hui-style villages, the attributes of landscape types are queried; the surface, space, projection area and distance of landscape are measured; the terrain profile analysis, visibility analysis, virtual roaming and other three-dimensional spatial analysis and application are realized. It provides methodological support for Hui-style village landscape image modeling, Hui-style village landscape pattern analysis, Hui-style village cultural and historical inheritance and digital protection, and expands the research field of Hui-style village landscape.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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