侧柏古树扦插繁殖技术与生根机理研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 10:03

【摘要】：古树是单体景观中唯一具有生命的造园要素,其历史感、不可复制性等特点创造了独特的景观价值。然而古树树势日益衰弱,对古树进行保护繁育和复壮具有重要意义。侧柏古树扦插繁殖困难,表现为生根率低,生根时间长等。为提高侧柏古树扦插成活率,促进无性繁殖技术理论和技术的研究,本文于2013年至2014年以不同年龄侧柏古树为研究对象进行扦插试验,采用不同植物生长调节剂、不同浓度、不同插穗部位及不同采穗时间对插条进行处理,分析其处理方式对侧柏古树生根的影响,从而选择最佳的生根组合。在实验结果中最优组合的基础上,深入研究不定根形成过程中的营养物质含量、氧化酶活性、内源激素含量的动态变化以及Qg源生根抑制物质的变化。本论文具体研究结果如下:(1)扦插试验表明:使用植物生长调节剂处理时,外源激素处理中低浓度对于作为对照的约5年生侧柏扦插效果最佳,中浓度对于约100年生、300年生、700年生侧柏进行扦插效果最好,其中浓度为1000 mg·L-1的NAA:IBA(1:1)处理插穗效果最好。ASL处理时,低浓度利于5年生、700年生侧柏插穗生根,中浓度利于100年生侧柏和300年生侧柏插穗生根。总体而言所得的生根率较使用NAA:IBA(1:1)好;就采条部位而言,以采条母树南面下部枝条的生根效果最佳;针对内源生根抑制物的清除方式,以0.1%硝酸银溶液处理最利于生根,以0.05%高锰酸钾溶液处理最利于根系生长。(2)通过观察侧柏插穗不定根发生的变化,初步判断侧柏插穗以愈伤组织生根为主,同时兼具皮部生根。侧柏插穗不定根的发生大致分为三个阶段:0-35 d为愈伤组织诱导期和形成期;35-65 d为不定根形成期;65-95 d为不定根伸长期。(3)不同年龄侧柏扦插生根过程中,可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白这三种营养物质在插穗在生根阶段所呈现的变化趋势不同,但并没有发现与年龄存在特定相关关系。整体而言,其变化与插穗生根所需要的能量呈消长关系。(4)不同年龄侧柏插穗扦插前,除作为对照的5年生侧柏插穗外,其余插穗PPO、POD活性随年龄增大而降低,高活性的PPO、POD利于插穗生根,而插穗的SOD活性随年龄增大而增强。逆境生理指标MDA扦插前表现为年龄增大,含量增加。(5)对不同年龄插穗内源激素含量测定发现,其与不同年龄侧柏插穗生根关系密切。在不同生根阶段,各年龄插穗中激素的作用不同。GA含量的上升利于不定根的形成,在愈伤组织诱导期,IAA和ABA的含量与插穗生根能力均呈现负相关,而ZR含量与插穗生根能力呈现正相关。IAA/ABA比值越大,越利于插穗生根。IAA/ZR比值越小,则越利于不定根的形成。(6)采用高效液相色谱法测得扦插前不同年龄插穗中,5年生侧柏插穗酚类、黄酮内物质含量均为6月份含量较多;100年生、700年生侧柏插穗黄酮类物质8月含量多,而酚类物质6月含量多;300年生侧柏插穗黄酮类物质6月份含量多,酚类物质在8月较多;生物测定显示:随着浸提液浓度的增加,对于白菜籽发芽的抑制作用增大。6月插穗所含内源生根抑制物对白菜籽发芽抑制作用较大;阳面插穗浸提液对白菜发芽的抑制作用主要表现为中部上部下部,而阴面插穗浸提液对白菜发芽的抑制作用均表现为上部中部下部。
[Abstract]:Old trees are the only living gardening elements in a single landscape. Their historical and non-reproducible characteristics create unique landscape value. However, the declining trend of ancient trees is of great significance to the protection, breeding and rejuvenation of ancient trees. Cutting survival rate of ancient trees to promote the theory and technology of asexual reproduction were studied in this paper from 2013 to 2014. Cutting experiments were carried out on ancient Platycladus orientalis trees of different ages. Cutting cuttings were treated with different plant growth regulators, different concentrations, different cutting positions and different cutting time, and their treatment methods were analyzed on Platycladus orientalis. On the basis of the best combination, the dynamic changes of nutrient content, oxidase activity, endogenous hormone content and the changes of Qg-inhibiting substances during adventitious root formation were studied in depth. When the plant growth regulator was used, the low concentration of exogenous hormone was the best for the control of about five-year-old Platycladus orientalis. The medium concentration was the best for about 100-year-old, 300-year-old and 700-year-old Platycladus orientalis, and the NAA:IBA(1:1) with the concentration of 1000mg.L-1 was the best. Annual, 700-year-old cuttings of Platycladus orientalis rooting, medium concentration is conducive to the rooting of 100-year-old and 300-year-old cuttings of Platycladus orientalis. Overall, the rooting rate is better than that of NAA: IBA (1:1); as far as the cutting position is concerned, the rooting effect of the lower branch south of the mother tree is the best; the removal of endogenous rooting inhibitors is treated with 0.1% silver nitrate solution. The adventitious roots of Platycladus orientalis cuttings were mainly rooted by callus and also rooted by skin. The adventitious roots of Platycladus orientalis cuttings could be divided into three stages: callus induction stage and callus formation stage at 0-35 D. (3) During the rooting process of Platycladus orientalis cuttings of different ages, soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein showed different trends in the rooting stage, but no specific correlation with age was found. (4) Before cutting, the PPO and POD activities of the other cuttings decreased with the increase of age except the 5-year-old cuttings as the control. The high-activity PPO and POD were beneficial to the rooting of the cuttings, while the SOD activities of the cuttings increased with the increase of age. (5) The content of endogenous hormones in different age cuttings was closely related to the rooting of different age cuttings of Platycladus orientalis. The effect of hormones in different age cuttings was different at Different Rooting stages. The increase of GA content was beneficial to adventitious root formation. At callus induction stage, the contents of IAA and ABA and rooting ability of cuttings were both negative. The higher the IAA / ABA ratio, the more favorable the rooting. The smaller the IAA / ZR ratio, the more favorable the adventitious root formation. (6) The phenolic content of 5-year-old P. orientalis cuttings at different ages before cutting was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the content of flavonoids was higher in June than in 100-year-old P. orientalis, 70. The content of flavonoids in the cuttings of 0-year-old Platycladus orientalis in August was more than that of phenolics in June; the content of flavonoids in the cuttings of 300-year-old Platycladus orientalis in June was more than that of phenolics in August; the bioassay showed that the inhibiting effect on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds increased with the increase of the concentration of extract. The inhibiting effect of sunny cuttings extract on Chinese cabbage germination was mainly in the upper and lower parts of the middle, while the inhibiting effect of shady cuttings extract on Chinese cabbage germination was mainly in the middle and lower parts.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S791.38

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