新巴尔虎草原黄羊生境适宜度评价及景观特征研究

发布时间：2019-07-03 17:40

【摘要】：黄羊(Procapra gutturosa)又称蒙原羚、蒙古瞪羚等。中国物种红色名录(CRDB)将黄羊列为易危(V)级。黄羊在我国主要分布在内蒙古东部地区,且多集中在中蒙边境地带；由于人为干扰和环境变化的影响,目前内蒙古呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎草原黄羊数量不断减少,适宜分布的栖息地逐渐缩小,生境破碎化趋势明显,因此保护和恢复黄羊的生境具有重要的意义。本文以3S技术为基础,基于2013年的LANDSAT-8OLI遥感影像、国家1：1万植被数据、1：100万地理矢量数据及外业调查等数据,利用ENVI5.1和ArcGIS等软件,采用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法相结合的方式,获得各因子的权重和排序,建立评价模型,完成内蒙古东部黄羊集中分布区以土地利用(植被类型)、NDVI、道路、牧区、水源等五个因子进行多因子综合生境适宜度评价,并利用ArcGIS和Fragstats3.3软件,从土地利用类型、多因子综合生境适宜度的角度,在景观水平和斑块水平上分析了黄羊栖息地景观格局指数特征。本文的主要结论如下：(1)从土地利用类型上分析,草原植被景观主导着景观整体的结构、功能和动态过程,面积比例为87.37%,但适合黄羊食性的植被景观所占比例过小,景观整体上连通性差,景观组成结构复杂,景观破碎化严重；(2)从多因子综合生境适宜度评价角度分析,不适宜生境景观主导着景观整体,比例为83.94%,三个等级的适宜生境景观面积过小,特别是适宜生境和最适宜生境景观连接性极差、生境破碎化严重；(3)综合土地利用类型和多因子生境适宜度生境景观格局特征分析,内蒙古东部地区适合黄羊分布、生存的植被景观类型面积很小、存在明显的破碎化趋势,加上道路、居民点、牧场围栏等人为干扰的影响,使得研究区适合黄羊生存的栖息地生境不断被割裂、面积萎缩,缺乏大型的景观斑块、生境破碎化日益加剧,对黄羊的觅食、迁移产生了十分不利影响,黄羊栖息地被严重破坏,黄羊种群生存现状堪忧,急需对黄羊栖息地进行生境保护和恢复。
[Abstract]:Yellow sheep (Procapra gutturosa) is also known as Mongolian gazelle, Mongolian gazelle and so on. The Red list of Chinese species (CRDB) lists yellow sheep as vulnerable (V). Yellow sheep are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia in China, and most of them are concentrated in the border areas between China and Mongolia. Due to the influence of human disturbance and environmental change, the number of yellow sheep in Xinbar Tiger grassland of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia is decreasing, the habitat suitable for distribution is gradually reduced, and the habitat fragmentation trend is obvious, so it is of great significance to protect and restore the habitat of yellow sheep. Based on 3s technology, based on LANDSAT-8OLI remote sensing image in 2013, national 1: 10 000 vegetation data, 1: 1 million geographical vector data and field survey, using ENVI5.1 and ArcGIS software, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the weight and ranking of each factor are obtained, and the evaluation model is established to complete the land use (vegetation type) in the concentrated distribution area of yellow sheep in eastern Inner Mongolia. Five factors, NDVI, road, pastoral area and water source, were used to evaluate the multi-factor comprehensive habitat suitability, and the landscape pattern index characteristics of yellow sheep habitat were analyzed from the point of view of land use type and multi-factor comprehensive habitat suitability by using ArcGIS and Fragstats3.3 software. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) from the analysis of land use types, grassland vegetation landscape dominates the overall structure, function and dynamic process of landscape, the area ratio is 87.37%, but the proportion of vegetation landscape suitable for yellow sheep is too small, the connectivity of landscape as a whole is poor, the landscape composition structure is complex, and the landscape fragmentation is serious; (2) from the point of view of multi-factor comprehensive habitat suitability evaluation, the unsuitable habitat landscape dominates the landscape as a whole, the proportion is 83. 94%. The suitable habitat landscape area of the three grades is too small, especially the connection between the suitable habitat and the most suitable habitat landscape is very poor, and the habitat fragmentation is serious; (3) based on the analysis of land use types and multi-factor habitat suitability habitat landscape pattern, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia is suitable for yellow sheep distribution, the area of survival vegetation landscape type is very small, there is an obvious fragmentation trend, coupled with the influence of human disturbance such as roads, settlements, rangeland fences, etc., the habitat suitable for yellow sheep in the study area is constantly split, the area is shrinking, and there is a lack of large landscape patches. Habitat fragmentation is becoming more and more serious, which has a very negative impact on the foraging and migration of yellow sheep. The habitat of yellow sheep has been seriously destroyed, and the survival status of yellow sheep population is worrying, so it is urgent to protect and restore the habitat of yellow sheep.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958.1

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