方以智书画美学思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 07:36

本文关键词： 方以智三教归《易》道寓于艺　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：方以智(161-1671),字密之,号无可,药地和尚,安徽桐城人,是我国明末清初的“百科全书”式的思想家。他生活在一个“天崩地诉”的大变动时代,人生坎坷,晚年入佛而心系儒学,对儒、佛、道有着独到的研究和见解,他以“坐集千古之智,折衷其间”为学术理想从而构建了一个颇具特色的以《易》象数学为核心、调和朱王之学、贯通虚实、圆融“三教”学术的哲学思想体系。方以智一生笔耕不辍,天资聪颖的他在很多领域都取得了很高的造诣,但其书画之名却被他在哲学、考据学上所取得的成就而掩盖,加之多部著作在清代禁毁,著作中关于书论和画论的部分长久以来都未曾得到重视,其美学思想更是鲜有被研究。“道寓于艺"是其美学思想的核心,方以智以其哲人的思想深度和敏感度对传统的“道艺观”赋予了新的内涵,坚持“道艺并重,艺中求道”的美学原则。书法上,提倡对古法的学习,将篆籀的笔法作为学帖的基础,同时还要学习先前圣人的德行,把“学书”与“做人”辩证地统一起来；绘画中,秉承先圣的“诗中有画,画中有诗”的审美意境,以绘画语言来表述自己的哲学思想。任何一种思想的产生都不是凭空而谈,都与其所处时代有着千丝万缕的联系,都是或显性或隐性地回答着那个时代最迫切的思想、文化及现实问题。本文是根据《浮山此藏轩别集》中方以智晚年的书画题跋,以及《通雅》中关于书论、画论的文章,再结合其存世不多的书画作品进行分析研究,在前人研究成果的基础上对方以智的书画思想进行哲学式的解读。提出“苍秀”这一审美范畴体现着方以智对其学术理想的不断追求,“遍征诸法而化之”正是他美学思想的实践原则,将碑学、帖学的特点结合在一起。提出审美的最高境界“不落有无”,则是完美地契合了他的哲学思想。方以智的书画美学思想不仅在当时对画坛南北宗之间的分歧有着缓和矛盾的作用,对于当下商业社会中书画界出现的消费文化审美,以及书画家自身文学素养缺失的现状有着反思的价值取向。同时对“艺术合法性”论证,这一当代美学难题的解决,提供了新了突破方向。
[Abstract]:Fang Yizhi 161-1671, the word is dense, no name, medicine monk, Anhui Tongcheng people. "Encyclopedia" is a thinker of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He lived in a great change era of "Tianzhuangdi", whose life was bumpy. In his later years, he entered Buddhism and was concerned about Confucianism, Confucianism and Buddhism. Tao has a unique research and opinion, he set "sit a thousand years of wisdom, compromise between" as the academic ideal, thus constructing a rather characteristic "Yi" like mathematics as the core, to reconcile the study of Zhu Wang, through the reality. The philosophical and ideological system of the "three religions" academic. Fang Yizhi worked hard all his life. He was talented in many fields, but his famous calligraphy and painting was concealed by his achievements in philosophy and textual research. In addition, many books were banned in the Qing Dynasty, the part of the works on book theory and painting theory has not been paid attention to for a long time, and its aesthetic thought is seldom studied. "Tao in art" is the core of his aesthetic thought. Fang Yizhi, with his philosophical depth and sensitivity, endows the traditional "Taoist view" with new connotations and adheres to the aesthetic principle of "attaching equal importance to Taoist art and seeking Tao in art". In calligraphy, he advocates the study of ancient methods. Zhuan Zhou's strokes as the basis for learning, but also to learn the moral conduct of the previous saints, "learn the book" and "man" dialectically unified; In painting, the aesthetic conception of "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings" is inherited to express one's philosophical thoughts in painting language. The generation of any kind of thought is not talk out of thin air, all have the inextricable connection with its time, are answering the most urgent thought of that time explicitly or tacitly. This article is based on the calligraphy and painting postscript of Fang Yizhi in his later years, and the article on book theory and painting theory in Tongya. And then combined with the existence of a small number of calligraphy and painting works for analysis and research. On the basis of the previous research results, Fang Yizhi's calligraphy and painting thought is interpreted in a philosophical way. The aesthetic category of "Cang Xiu" reflects Fang Yizhi's constant pursuit of his academic ideal. It is the practical principle of his aesthetic thought to combine the characteristics of tablet study and post study, and put forward the highest state of aesthetics. Fang Yizhi's calligraphy and painting aesthetics thought not only played a role in easing the contradiction between the north and the south of the painting world at that time. In the present commercial society, the aesthetic of consumer culture in the field of painting and calligraphy, as well as the present situation of the lack of literary literacy of the calligraphers and painters themselves, has a value orientation of reflection. At the same time, it demonstrates the "legitimacy of art". The solution of this contemporary aesthetic problem provides a new breakthrough direction.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J201

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