牧溪绘画风格及影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 16:08

本文选题：牧溪　切入点：禅　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：牧溪是我国南宋时期的禅宗画家，蜀人，其生卒年不详，擅长绘事，因战乱颠沛而到杭州为僧。对于牧溪的绘画艺术，画史上褒贬不一，总体来看可分为两种不同观点：其一：“喜画龙虎、猿鹤、禽鸟、山水、树石、人物，不曾设色，多用蔗查草结，又皆随笔点墨而成，意思简当，不费妆缀”①。其二：“枯淡山野，诚非雅玩，仅可供僧房道舍，以祝清幽耳”；②“粗恶无古法，诚非雅玩”③。牧溪与同在无准禅师座下学习的日本和尚圆尔辩圆有所交往，画作由此被传至日本，对日本禅画影响甚巨，被誉为“日本画道之大恩人”④。宋代以禅道入画，茶道配合欣赏绘画一并参禅论法，绘画在这其中也展现了重要的作用。牧溪的禅画多以生活中的实物为主，作品中呈现出韵律感，风格清淡素雅，别具一格。圆尔辩圆访宋求法，对禅学、书画、茶道三者皆有学习，更是对同门牧溪的画作推崇备至，，甚至将禅学、书画、茶道在日本整合成一种极具仪式化的欣赏模式。牧溪继承并发扬了石恪、梁楷的水墨简笔，墨法蕴藉，幽淡含蓄，形简神完，令人回味无穷，且对其后的沈周、徐渭、八大山人、“扬州八怪”等画家皆有一定影响。他“性英爽，酷嗜酒，寒暑风雨常醉，醉即熟，觉即朗吟”⑤。然而，他嗜酒傲物，处江湖之远仍然品评政要，曾“造语伤贾似道，广捕而避罪于越丘家”⑥，惹祸上身。牧溪在绘画上有一定建树，对禅宗画的发展推广更是起到了承上启下、贯通中外的桥梁作用。作为画僧，他与世无争，专心作画悟禅；作为臣民，他敢于讥讽奸佞；作为挚友，他赠画于同门，艺惊东瀛。关于牧溪的史料极其匮乏，且由于各种原因，我国画坛对他评价不高，画史中关于他的信息甚少。然而，对于牧溪这样一位禅画奇人及其绘画艺术的研究，在当今全球化的文化发展氛围中，愈来愈显出其必要性。
[Abstract]:Mu Xi is in the Southern Song Dynasty Zen painter, Shu people, the birth year is unknown, good at painting, because of the war Dianpei and Hangzhou monk. The Mu Xi painting art, Chinese painting is mixed, the whole can be divided into two different views: one: "Happy Dragon Tiger, ape and crane. Birds, landscape, trees and stones, characters, never use colors, check the cane grass knot, and all ink and essays, meaning when Jane, without makeup hanging." second: "light mountain, is an available, only sengfang tract homes, in order to wish and ear"; the "rough evil ancient method, is not an" 3.
Mu Xi with no seat of learning Japanese quasi Zen monks debate round round Seoul has contacts, painting is thus spread to Japan, Japan's huge influence on Zen painting, known as the "Japanese painting of the great benefactor of the Song Dynasty. In Zen painting, paintings together with tea meditation on the law, in the painting it also shows the important role. The Mu Xi Zen painting to life in the real sense of rhythm, showing works, delicate and elegant style, have a unique style." round round Seoul song Qiufa to visit, Zen, painting and calligraphy, tea ceremony, all three learning, is on the same Mu Xi paintings very much even, Zen, painting and calligraphy, tea ceremony in Japan into a very ritualized pattern appreciation.
Mu Xi inherits and develops Liang Kai's Shi Ke, Jane ink pen, ink and refined, quiet subtle, simple shape of God is finished, and on subsequent lead a person to endless aftertastes, Shen Zhou, Xu Wei, Badashanren, "eight eccentric painters of Yangzhou all have certain influence. His" bright and brave, cool drink, cold wind and rain often drunk, drunk or cooked, feel that the "Lang Yin. However, his drinking arrogant, the far corners of the still tasting dignitaries had" language injury and avoid crime broadcatching jiashidao, Yu Yue hill "the trouble.
Mu Xi have certain achievements in painting, to promote the development of Zen painting is also played a role as a bridge, East and West. As a monk, he like, concentrate on painting what; as subjects, he dared to ridicule the crafty; as a close friend, he painting in the same skill surprised about the Mu Xi EGL. The historical data is extremely scarce, and for various reasons, Chinese painting did not think highly of him, about his little information in history. However, for such a Mu Xi Zen painting and painting art of man, in the cultural atmosphere for the development of today's globalization, increasingly shows its necessity.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J205

【参考文献】