莫高窟第254窟降魔变中“魔怪”造型研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 20:04

本文选题：莫高窟第254窟 + 降魔变　；参考：《中国美术学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：降魔成道是释迦牟尼一生中重要的事件，敦煌莫高窟第254窟南壁“降魔变”一图是莫高窟同类题材中艺术性、表现性最突出的作品。在追溯254窟降魔变的根源时，发现其蓝本可能来自印度，但在细节上又进一步民族化，尤其是“魔怪”的造型与众不同。庄严、肃静的佛祖两侧，魔军以兽首人身的组合样式出现，面部生动、夸张，体态壮实，动感十足，手拿各种利器，扰乱佛祖成佛，画面呈现出骚动、紧张的气氛，魔怪的“动”与释迦牟尼的“静”形成了鲜明的对比，这样的艺术效果是其他洞窟降魔变壁画所无法比拟的。本文将从“魔怪”造型这点出发，就其文化渊源以及审美特征两大方面去论述254窟降魔变中“魔怪”造型的不同之处。文化渊源方面，，在将外来文化对其造成的影响作了简单的概括论述后，主要从汉文化（画像石、画像砖、石刻线画中的神怪、瓦当兽面纹、镇墓兽石、墓室文化中的神怪）与其之间的渊源关系作了详尽的论证，进而从线、赋色、传神三方面去体现“魔怪”独特的、民族性的审美特征。并在此基础上，论证“魔怪”造型对后朝一些特定艺术形象塑造的影响，以此来体现“魔怪”造型的深入人心并为后人所运用的意义。
[Abstract]:Falling demons is an important event in Sakyamuni's life. The south wall of Cave 254 in Dunhuang is the most artistic and expressive work in the same subject matter of Mogao Grottoes.Looking back at the root causes of the demonic changes in Cave 254, it was found that the original version may have come from India, but it was further nationalized in detail, especially the unique look of the Monster.On both sides of the solemn and quiet Buddha, the evil army appeared in the form of a combination of animal heads and bodies, with vivid faces, exaggerations, strong posture, full movement, and a variety of sharp weapons in hand to disturb Buddha's formation into Buddha. The picture presented a commotion and tense atmosphere.In contrast to Sakyamuni's Silence, the artistic effect of the monster is incomparable to the murals of other grottoes.From the point of "monster" modeling, this paper will discuss the differences of "monster" modeling in cave 254 in terms of its cultural origin and aesthetic characteristics.In terms of cultural origin, after a brief summary of the influence of foreign culture on it, mainly from the Han culture (stone, brick, stone engraved lines in the genie, Wadang animal grain, town tombstone,The relationship between genie and its origin is demonstrated in detail, and then the unique and national aesthetic characteristics of "monster" are embodied from three aspects: line, color and spirit.On this basis, this paper demonstrates the influence of "monster" modeling on some specific artistic images of the later dynasty, so as to reflect the significance of the "monster" modeling which is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and used by later generations.
【学位授予单位】：中国美术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J218.6

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