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梁楷与徐渭笔墨精神比较研究

发布时间:2019-06-01 13:20
【摘要】:笔墨是中国传统绘画的表现语言,是传达美与艺术家主观情感的基本绘画媒介和形式。在中国千百年来的艺术锤炼中,笔墨的稳定程式和灵活的结构被艺术家系统地确立下来,并且形成具有丰富表现力和精神内涵的独特文化符号。中国传统绘画以传情表意为绘画主旨,面对客观表现对象,模拟客观和表意结合在—起,在其中更加强调表意的主导地位,这符合了中华民族独特的思维方式,意象整体辩证地把握宇宙万物连同自身。在艺术家创作活动中,笔墨的概念已经超乎了自然材料的物体本身,而是被艺术家赋予丰富的内涵和精神,这种笔墨精神体现了艺术家的人格修养与气质,承载着一定的文化因素。随着中国画的发展,形成了独特的民族风格与表现技法,并且形成了中国传统绘画的审美方式和审美标准,笔墨成为中国画的主要特征,同时也标志着它的高度艺术成就。我国古代画家十分讲究与意趣相应的笔墨韵致,在其中发挥淋漓尽致笔墨技法与“意”的融合。梁楷和徐渭在这艺术长河中星光璀璨,在他们所处的时代树立了典型,开创了新的艺术境界,取得了很高的成就。从他们的艺术地位被确立后,人们开始寻求他们艺术风格形成的促成因素,探寻影响他们的文化思想因素与传达主观情感的表现方式,分析他们的笔墨技法以及笔墨精神,以便从中获取成功的创作经验和探析艺术发展的规律。从古至今,通过社会文化境域、文献记载和他们的艺术作品,人们对于他们的研究视角是多方位的,由点到面,由横向到纵向都做了相关的探析,已经形成了许多论点,探寻出梁楷与徐渭的笔墨蕴含的精神是深邃的。直至今日,相关他们的研究在当代文化境域下更是具有意义和价值,研究触角也是广泛的。当代艺术家们不息探寻的精神是为了中国传统的经典文化艺术再现光芒,使之更易于继承和宣扬,也是为了寻找自身发展的契合点,发挥他们的当代意义。相关他们的古代文献记载和画论为我们的研究提供了有力的论据,本文对于他们的研究也是建立在这些之上。通过从中国传统绘画的笔墨精神、笔墨审美、笔墨与意的融合进行概述,分析比较梁楷与徐渭的笔墨精神成因,归纳梁楷与徐渭笔墨精神的趋同,包括从他们在笔墨形式语言中体现的强烈主观情感的宣泄、恣肆纵逸的大写意笔法、酣畅淋漓的泼墨法、“狂颠”的人本性格体现、文人画精神的影响、开拓的创新精神这些方面分析。比较梁楷与徐渭笔墨精神的异同以及对后世形成的影响,包括从梁楷与徐渭“狂颠”的内在实质、梁楷本性放达、徐渭的社会压抑、梁楷的禅宗思想、徐渭的文人精神以及他们的表现题材侧重分析比较出他们的笔墨精神在共性中的差异,还有对后世的不同影响。最后分析出他们在当代艺术中的影响与启示,以及他们笔墨精神的当代意义。
[Abstract]:Pen and ink is the expression language of Chinese traditional painting, and it is the basic painting medium and form to convey beauty and artist's subjective emotion. In the art training of China for thousands of years, the stable program and flexible structure of pen and ink have been systematically established by artists, and unique cultural symbols with rich expressive force and spiritual connotation have been formed. The traditional Chinese painting takes empathy as the main purpose of painting, facing the objective object of expression, simulating the combination of objectivity and idealism, in which more emphasis is placed on the dominant position of idealism, which is in line with the unique mode of thinking of the Chinese nation. The image as a whole dialectically grasps all things in the universe together with itself. In the creative activities of artists, the concept of pen and ink has exceeded the object itself of natural materials, but has been endowed with rich connotation and spirit by the artist. This spirit of pen and ink embodies the personality cultivation and temperament of the artist. It carries certain cultural factors. With the development of Chinese painting, it has formed a unique national style and expression techniques, and formed the aesthetic mode and aesthetic standard of Chinese traditional painting. Pen and ink have become the main characteristics of Chinese painting, but also mark its high artistic achievements. Ancient painters in our country pay great attention to the rhyme of pen and ink corresponding to interest, in which they give full play to the fusion of pen and ink techniques and meaning. Liang Kai and Xu Wei had bright stars in this long river of art, set up a typical example in their time, opened up a new artistic realm, and made high achievements. After their artistic status was established, people began to seek the contributing factors to the formation of their artistic style, to explore the factors affecting their cultural thought and the way of expressing their subjective feelings, and to analyze their pen and ink techniques and spirit. In order to obtain successful creative experience and explore the law of art development. From ancient times to the present, through social and cultural boundaries, literature records and their works of art, people have made a multi-faceted perspective on their research, from point to face, from horizontal to vertical, and have formed a lot of arguments. It is profound to explore the spirit contained in Liang Kai and Xu Wei's pen and ink. Up to now, their research is of great significance and value in the contemporary cultural realm, and the research tentacles are also extensive. The spirit that contemporary artists keep exploring is to reproduce the light of Chinese traditional classical culture and art, make it easier to inherit and propagate, and also to find the fit point of their own development and give full play to their contemporary significance. Their ancient literature and painting theory provide a strong argument for our research, and their research in this paper is also based on these. This paper summarizes the pen and ink spirit, pen and ink aesthetics, pen and ink fusion of Chinese traditional painting, analyzes and compares the causes of Liang Kai and Xu Wei's pen and ink spirit, and sums up the convergence of Liang Kai and Xu Wei's pen and ink spirit. Including the catharsis of strong subjective feelings embodied in the formal language of pen and ink, the wanton and indulgent style of freehand brushwork, the method of splashing ink, the embodiment of the humanistic character of "crazy", and the influence of the spirit of literati painting. Analysis of innovative spirit of development in these aspects. Comparing the similarities and differences between Liang Kai and Xu Wei's pen and ink spirit and their influence on the formation of later generations, including from the inherent essence of Liang Kai and Xu Wei's "crazy upheaval", Liang Kai's nature, Xu Wei's social repression, Liang Kai's Zen thought, Xu Wei's literati spirit and their performance themes focus on the analysis and comparison of their pen and ink spirit in the common differences, as well as the different effects on later generations. Finally, it analyzes their influence and enlightenment in contemporary art, as well as the contemporary significance of their pen and ink spirit.
【学位授予单位】:陕西师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:J212

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