卢梭“回归自然”的道德美学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 15:29

本文关键词： 卢梭回归自然理想政治建构道德审美教育　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经过两百多年时间的考验,卢梭著作中蕴含的自然主义思想并没有随着历史的演变而沉入谷底,相反,在二十世纪二三十年代的美国再度兴起了现代自然主义的思潮。卢梭哲学思想体系的独特之处在于,它以自然状态的假设为开端,围绕自由、平等、自爱心和怜悯心等关键词展开其“回归自然”思想的论述。另外,在法国启蒙思想家中,卢梭可以被称为“异类”,他为了对抗基督教的迷信思想和君主制的暴君专制统治,公然提出了反对科学与艺术发展的主张。作为卢梭思想体系的核心,“回归自然”也是其道德美学思想不可忽视的组成部分。卢梭的“回归自然”为人们提供了一种独特的道德导向和审美方式。崇尚自然以及反对文明是卢梭道德观的基本准则,卢梭把自然作为其美德的来源,他通过主张人类的自然本性优于社会性,从而对文明异化问题实现人性审美角度的批判。研究卢梭以道德美学为主线的“回归自然”思想,有助于我们解除有关现代性问题的迷惑,为当代中国的发展及人民生活的幸福提供新的理论和实践指导。卢梭的“回归自然”何以必要?“回归自然”何以可能?卢梭从当时社会科学与艺术盛行背景下道德与审美丧失所带来的恶劣后果中发现了“回归自然”的必要性,强烈呼吁人们“回归自然”,其真实意图是重建道德与审美风尚,建构自由、平等的美德共和国。“回归自然”的具体途径是卢梭在探究人类社会状态之起源的过程中找寻到的:一是通过社会契约进行自由、平等的政治建构,以实现“自然状态”的理想社会;二是通过自然式的道德情感教育,拯救被理性和科学所规范、束缚的人性,使高尚的自然德性和良好的审美得以保存。
[Abstract]:After more than 200 years of testing, Rousseau's ideas contained in his works did not sink to the bottom with the evolution of history, on the contrary. In 20th century, the trend of thought of modern naturalism rose again in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. The unique point of Rousseau's philosophical thought system is that it begins with the assumption of natural state and revolves around freedom and equality. In addition, among the French enlightenment thinkers, Rousseau can be called "alien". In order to fight against the superstition of Christianity and the despotism of monarchy, he openly put forward the idea of opposing the development of science and art, which is the core of Rousseau's ideological system. "return to nature" is also an important part of his moral aesthetics. Rousseau's "return to Nature" It provides people with a unique moral guidance and aesthetic way. Advocating nature and opposing civilization are the basic principles of Rousseau's morality. Rousseau regards nature as the source of his virtue by advocating that human nature is superior to society. The study of Rousseau's thought of "returning to nature", which takes moral aesthetics as the main line, will help us to lift the confusion about modernity. To provide new theoretical and practical guidance for the development of contemporary China and the happiness of people's life. Why is it necessary for Rousseau to "return to nature"? Why is it possible to "return to Nature"? Rousseau found the necessity of "returning to nature" from the bad consequences of moral and aesthetic loss under the prevailing background of social science and art at that time, and strongly called on people to "return to nature". Its real intention is to rebuild morality and aesthetic fashion and construct freedom. The concrete way of "returning to nature" was found by Rousseau in the process of exploring the origin of human social state: first, the political construction of freedom and equality through social contract. In order to realize the "natural state" of the ideal society; The second is to save the human nature which is regulated by reason and science through natural moral and emotional education, so that the noble natural virtue and good aesthetic can be preserved.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B83-09

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