苏联经验与新中国美学发生的史与思——以20世纪五六十年代中苏美学讨论为中心

发布时间：2018-06-10 02:20

本文选题：苏联经验 + 美学大讨论　；参考：《文学评论》2017年05期

【摘要】：20世纪50年代中期思想文化领域的"解冻"与马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的出版,使得苏联学界爆发了一场关于"美的本质"问题的大讨论,形成了"自然派""社会派"与"主客观统一派"三足鼎立的局面,对苏联美学理论发展起到了重要影响。在"以苏联为师"的破旧立新语境中,全面学习与挪用苏式美学资源及其理论范型,成为新中国成立之初美学建构的基本方向以及"十七年"美学学科建设的话语基础。正是苏式美学话语的膨胀影响与前置阅读,中国美学讨论中形成的影响最大的三派美学,即"客观派""客观社会派""主客观统一派",与苏联美学讨论近乎同步共振,更在模式引进与话语移植中烙下了苏式美学讨论话语的"同一性"底色。苏式美学模式对欧美美学模式的置换,导致当代中国美学重新回到古典本质主义的美学范式中,直至80年代感性解放潮流下对西方现代美学及中国传统美学话语的补接才得以转型和复苏。
[Abstract]:The "thaw" in the field of ideology and culture in the mid-1950s and the publication of Marx's "Economics and philosophy manuscript of 1844" caused a great discussion on the "essence of beauty" in Soviet academic circles. The formation of "natural school", "social school" and "subjective and objective unity school" three-step situation, played an important role in the development of Soviet aesthetic theory. In the context of "taking the Soviet Union as the teacher", the comprehensive study and misappropriation of Soviet aesthetic resources and its theoretical model became the basic direction of aesthetic construction and the discourse basis of "seventeen years" aesthetic discipline construction in the beginning of the founding of New China. It is the expanding influence and prereading of the Soviet aesthetic discourse and the three most influential aesthetics in the discussion of Chinese aesthetics, that is, the "objective school" and "objective social school" and "subjective and objective unified school", which are almost synchro with the Soviet aesthetic discussion. In the process of model introduction and discourse transplantation, the "identity" of the Soviet aesthetic discourse has been branded. The replacement of the Soviet aesthetic model with the European and American aesthetic model leads to the return of contemporary Chinese aesthetics to the aesthetic paradigm of classical essentialism. It was not until 1980's that the utterances of modern western aesthetics and Chinese traditional aesthetics were transformed and revived under the trend of perceptual liberation.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“黄药眠年谱整理及其文艺思想研究”(16CZW002)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B83-09

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