我们缺少一个什么样的审美

发布时间：2018-06-22 17:38

本文选题：内审美 + 超验　；参考：《学术月刊》2008年05期

【摘要】：王建疆认为,中国古代审美的民族传统或民族识别标志是内审美,即一种不同于具有外在对象和外在感官参与的内在精神境界型、内景型、想象型的审美。这种内审美具有深厚的历史文化根源,并对外在感官型审美产生抑制和提升的作用;其功能在于提升人生境界,实现人格的完善。这种内审美与西方的超验审美相比,具有同时涵盖先验审美和经验审美的特点。现代审美困惑的根源在于这种内审美的被遮蔽和被遗忘,从而导致所谓"审美和艺术的救赎"的不可能实现。审美的救赎首先在于自救,在于恢复内审美的优良传统。阎国忠通过从西方美学史传统中对超验美的关注由集中到分散,再到被忘记,现在又受到重视的历史的回顾,指出西方美学的真正传统离不开超验的美。这种超验的美在一个充分感官化和欲望化了的时代是非常需要的,超验美的存在也是美学之谓美学的根本价值所在。王元骧认为,西方美学思想史上有亚里士多德、柏拉图两大传统。前者倡导的是经验性、外观性的审美,后者倡导的是超验性、内省性的审美。由于近代西方哲学是在自然科学的影响下而发展起来的知识论、认识论哲学,这使得亚里士多德的传统在近代西方美学思想史上占据明显的优势,但同时柏拉图的传统也从未终止。今天,我们在马克思主义实践论美学的基础上把两大系统加以融合,不仅有助于对美学学科作出正确的定位,拓展美学研究的领域,而且也是通过与中国传统美学思想开展对话、走向融合,实现美学民族化的一条切实而有效的途径。
[Abstract]:Wang Jianjiang thinks that the national tradition or national identification mark of ancient Chinese aesthetics is internal aesthetics, that is, it is different from the inner spiritual realm type, the internal scene type, and the imaginative type, which are different from the external objects and external senses. This kind of internal aesthetic has deep historical and cultural roots, and it has the function of restraining and promoting the external sensual aesthetic, and its function is to improve the realm of life and realize the perfection of personality. Compared with western transcendental aesthetics, this kind of internal aesthetics has the characteristics of both transcendental aesthetics and experiential aesthetics. The root of modern aesthetic confusion lies in the obscuring and forgetting of internal aesthetics, which leads to the impossibility of realizing the so-called "aesthetic and artistic salvation". Aesthetic salvation lies first in self-saving and in restoring the fine tradition of internal aesthetics. Yan Guozhong points out that the real tradition of western aesthetics can not be separated from transcendental beauty by reviewing the history of western aesthetic history from focusing on transcendental beauty to being forgotten and now being paid attention to. This transcendental beauty is very necessary in an era of full sensualization and desire, and the existence of transcendental beauty is also the fundamental value of aesthetics. Wang Yuanxiang believes that there are two traditions in the history of western aesthetic thought: Aristotle and Plato. The former advocates the aesthetic of experience and appearance, while the latter advocates the aesthetic of transcendence and introspection. Because modern western philosophy is the knowledge theory and epistemological philosophy developed under the influence of natural science, this makes Aristotle's tradition occupy the obvious superiority in the modern western aesthetic thought history. But at the same time, Plato's tradition never ended. Today, we combine the two systems on the basis of Marxist practical aesthetics, which is not only helpful to make a correct positioning of aesthetic disciplines, but also to expand the field of aesthetic research. It is also a practical and effective way to realize the nationalization of aesthetics through dialogue with Chinese traditional aesthetics.
【作者单位】：西北师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：B83-0

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